利用单基准站改正信息和电离层参数估计的单频PPP算法

利用单个基准站提供的改正信息对流动站的单频观测值数据进行改正,同时引入电离层参数进行实时电离层延迟估计,进行单频精密单点定位（PPP）计算。相比传统的单频PPP方法,本文方法对单频PPP的收敛速度和定位精度都有很大的提高,定位精度优于2cm,且受基准站距离的影响较小。     

基于GPS非差观测值进行精密单点定位研究

介绍了精密单点定位所用的数学模型及解算方案，着重分析了基于GPS非差双频观测值进行精密单点定位的误差模型、数据质量控制方法、卫星钟差的估算和内插、数据和解的一致性及精密单点定位能达到的精度等问题，并和双差结果作了比较。结果表明，利用精密星历及卫星钟改正参数的精密单点定位可达到cm级精度。     

风电场风速数值预报的动态修订方法的探讨

针对风电场风功率预测所需的定点、逐时风速预报,对利用中央气象台发布的MM5格点输出的数值预报风速插值到福建沿海某个风电场测风塔高度的预报结果进行误差分析,发现由于海陆交界的特殊下垫面等原因,存在一定的系统误差;根据误差的后延相关性和测风塔实时发回的气象资料,探讨了利用前期误差观测值和测风塔湍流指标对MM5数值预报风速进行动态修订的方法,建立了订正值方程,结果表明,订正后的预报风速平均绝对误差降低31%~54%,有效提高了预报精度。     

Correction of Single Log-Derived Temperatures in the Danish Central Graben,North Sea

An equation for correcting log-derived temperatures measured at well depths between 1200 and 5400 m has been derived by comparing log-derived temperatures from wells in the Danish Central Graben (North Sea) with DST temperatures, from the same wells, that are believed to represent true formation temperatures. Equations developed previously using data over different depth ranges from Malaysia and Mexico yield fair results when applied to the North Sea. However, a better fit to the Danish data was obtained using new equations that are similar to those published in the earlier studies. The correction method here is based principally on time since end of circulation (TSC), but it also includes a small dependence on depth. In this study the true subsurface temperature (T_true) (°C) is given by where the correction factor f = 3.07·TSC^(–0.09)/(0.47·Z^(0.175)), T_surf is the seafloor temperature in °C, T_meas is the measured log temperature in °C, TSC is in hours, and Z is the depth below seafloor in meters. When TSC is not known, maximum probable, minimum probable, and most likely values can be estimated from the observed trend of TSC with depth.An estimate of the uncertainty in the corrected temperature can be obtained from the equation where is the standard deviation of the error in the correction factor f. This approach can be modified to include the additional uncertainty associated with unspecified TSC.     

台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义

对南海台西南海域表层沉积物的常量、微量元素含量分布变化特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征进行了分析。结果表明,SiO2和Al2O3是研究区表层沉积物中的最主要组分,元素的含量与水深、粒度存在明显的相关性;R型因子分析识别出3个元素组合,分别代表细粒的陆源碎屑沉积组合、粗粒的生物碎屑组合和细粒的生物碎屑组合;研究区表层沉积物的物质来源主要有陆源和生物源两种,以陆源为主。     

New high‐resolution grid of gravimetric terrain corrections over Australia

A 9 arc‐second grid of gravimetric terrain corrections has been computed over Australia using ver.2 of the GEODATA 9 arc‐second digital elevation model (DEM) and the fast Fourier transform technique. This supersedes the 27 arc‐second grid previously reported in this journal, computed from ver.1 GEODATA DEM. The improved resolution is possible because of the removal of errors in ver.1 DEM.     

Relativistic corrections to the Kompaneets equation

We study the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect for clusters of galaxies. We explore the relativistic corrections to the Kompaneets equation in terms of two different expansion approximation schemes, namely, the Fokker–Planck expansion approximation and delta function expansion approximation. We show that two expansion approximation formalisms are equivalent under the Thomson approximation, which is extremely good approximation for the CMB photon energies. This will clarify the situation for existing theoretical methods to analyse observation data.     

高精度大地测量中倾斜及应变观测的海潮改正

基于卫星测高资料得到的CSR4 .0全球海潮模型精度已明显优于早期海潮模型 ,采用精度高的海潮模型重新计算海潮改正是当今高精度大地测量中必须解决的问题。利用CSR4 .0全球海潮模型顾及中国近海海潮图计算了海潮引起中国测站的倾斜及应变海潮改正 ,此结果对我国倾斜及应变观测数据处理有重要的实用价值。另外 ,文中还比较了不同地球模型对应的格林函数对倾斜及应变海潮改正的影响 ,认为在计算中国测站的海潮改正时 ,用中国近海海潮图取代全球海潮的中国近海部分是必要的。     

The Bathymetric Stripping Corrections to Gravity Field Quantities for a Depth-Dependent Model of Seawater Density

In geophysical studies investigating the lithosphere structure, topographic, bathymetric, and density contrasts stripping corrections are applied to gravity data. The ocean density contrast is typically calculated as the difference between the mean densities of crust and seawater. The approximation of the actual seawater density by its mean value yields relative errors up to 2%. To reduce these errors, we adopt a depth-dependent seawater density model to account for increasing density with pressure/depth. This approximation reduces errors to less than 0.1%. This density model is utilized in newly derived expressions for the bathymetric stripping corrections.