老顶岩块端角摩擦系数和挤压系数实验研究

通过岩块实验、相似模拟和计算模拟, 研究了采场老顶岩块端角摩擦和端角挤压特性。 得出老顶岩块端角摩擦角为岩石残余摩擦角, 摩擦系数确定为 0 . 5; 端角挤压强度受弱面的影响明显且具有规律性, 端角挤压系数确定为 0. 4     

温州珊溪水库地震序列震源参数研究

根据浙江区域数字台网记录的数字地震波形资料,在扣除了地震记录数据中传播路径、场地响应和仪器响应的影响后,采用Atkinson单个地震、多台记录求平均的反演方法计算震源参数,利用遗传算法测定了2002年7月至2006年11月温州珊溪水库震群4.6≥ML≥2.8的多少个震源参数。计算结果表明:①地震矩和近震震级有很好的线性关系,地震矩范围为1.24×1013～1.83×1015 N.m,震源破裂半径为155～1 227 m,地震矩与震源半径之间呈线性关系。②拐角频率范围为1.06～8.43 Hz,随地震矩的增大而减小。用最小二乘法拟合出拐角频率与地震矩之间的关系式,据此关系式可计算出拐角频率的估计值。拐角频率与其估计值之差的滑动时间进程曲线表明,2006年2月4日到2月11日、2006年3月6日到3月10日震群发生之前出现持续低值,在震群发生过程中其差值回升,具有地震前兆信息指示意义;③地震应力降范围为0.04～2.36 MPa,应力降与近震震级无明显的依赖关系,主震前应力降值比较高;主震及短时间内的较强余震发生后,平均应力降值迅速下降,反映了震中区的应力在主震发生的几天后降到了一个相对较低的水平。     

Temporal change of characteristics of shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes associated with increase in volcanic activity at Kuchinoerabujima volcano, Japan

Shallow volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes recorded at the Kuchinoerabujima island volcano in southwest Japan are analyzed in order to clarify the role of hydrothermal activity in the development of volcanic seismicity. From analysis of shallow VT earthquakes in 2006, two specific episodes of elevated seismicity are observed in April and November 2006. The VT earthquakes have hypocenters at depths of 0–0.4 km beneath the summit crater, and normal fault focal mechanisms with WNW–ESE extension consistent with the tensional stress field indicated by the alignment of craters and fissures. Although the hypocenters and focal mechanisms are found to be largely invariant during these episodes, the corner frequencies of the VT earthquakes underwent a pronounced increase and decrease accompanying the changes in seismicity rates. The corner frequencies increased to 20–25 Hz approximately one month prior to the onset of elevated seismicity, and then decreased to 10–15 Hz in the period of peak seismicity. The rupture length also decreased at the onset of seismicity, thereafter increasing as the seismicity continued. The peak seismicity in terms of the daily number of VT events was accompanied by inflation around the crater, suggestive of a pressure increase in the volcanic system. It is inferred that the increase in shallow VT seismicity and rupture length is related to the development of a fractured zone. The pressure increase in the volcanic system is attributed to the intrusion of hydrothermal fluids, which is supported by an observed increase in fumarolic temperature and activity. The preceding monochromatic events are thus considered to be generated by the effect of fluid-filled cracks. The shortening of rupture length is then inferred to be related to the closing of non-fluid-filled cracks in the fracture zone under the increasing pressure field, leading to a transition from monochromatic events to low-frequency and shallow VT seismicity.     

Improvements of corner frequency and scaling factor for stochastic finite-fault modeling

In this paper, three existing source spectral models for stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motion were reviewed. These three models were used to calculate the far-field received energy at a site from a vertical fault and the mean spectral ratio over 15 stations of the Northridge earthquake, and then compared. From the comparison, a necessary measure was observed to maintain the far-field received energy independent of subfault size and avoid overestimation of the long-period spectral level. Two improvements were made to one of the three models (i.e., the model based on dynamic corner frequency) as follows: (i) a new method to compute the subfault corner frequency was proposed, where the subfault corner frequency is determined based on a basic value calculated from the total seismic moment of the entire fault and an increment depending on the seismic moment assigned to the subfault; and (ii) the difference of the radiation energy from each subfault was considered into the scaling factor. The improved model was also compared with the unimproved model through the far-field received energy and the mean spectral ratio. The comparison proves that the improved model allows the received energy to be more independent of subfault size than the unimproved model, and decreases the overestimation degree of the long-period spectral amplitude.     

苏北测震台网地面和井下地震记录波形频谱分析

根据苏北测震台网地面台站和深井台站记录的地震波形资料,分析2009年10月以来台网附近 ML ≥2．8地震波频谱特性。分析可知：地面记录与井下记录的地震波频谱特性存在一定差异,地面记录地震波拐角频率较井下约大0．28 Hz,地震波峰值频率比井下约小0．22 Hz;对于ML ＞4．5地震,地面记录地震波的优势频率范围小于井下记录;地震矩和矩震级地面台站记录数值较大,差值分别为3．104×10^14 N·m 和0．32级。     

拐角频率在营海岫地区地震序列判定中的应用

利用拐角频率方法,研究营、海、岫地区1999年以来发生的显著震群性质,结果表明,前震序列与其他震群拐角频率曲线变化形态不同,拐角频率的大小能较好反映震源区应力场的大小。     

利用GPS与CRInSAR融合开展微量形变监测的应用研究

利用一种GPS、角反射器和InSAR相融合的微量形变监测方法,在树坪滑坡形变监测中进行了初步应用。利用该方法得到的微量形变监测结果与GPS实测值之间差值的均值为3.33 mm,RMS为3.16 mm。这一结果表明,利用该方法开展微量形变监测是可行的。     

基于二维形变场的地基SAR精度验证与分析

地基SAR(synthetic aperture radar)可实现高精度的小区域性连续形变监测。为研究其形变探测能力与精度,建立了一套精度验证平台和系统。在楼顶布设不同位置分布的角反射器,并采用步进平台控制角反射器模拟不同数值形变,形变角反射器与稳定点及楼顶表面构成小区域二维形变场,利用IBIS-L(image by interferometric system-landslides)系统完成形变监测与分析。实验结果表明,当角反射器发生毫米级形变时,地基干涉雷达IBIS-L系统形变探测平均精度为0.27 mm,而角反射器发生亚毫米级形变时,其形变探测平均精度为0.11 mm;该系统可以实现小区域性的亚毫米级形变探测,对于缓慢微小变化,其具有更好的形变探测能力与可靠性。     

Image quality characterization of fine resolution RISAT-1 data using impulse response function

This study presents the results obtained from image quality assessment of Radar Imaging SATellite (RISAT-1). Image quality parameters such as spatial resolution, peak to sidelobe ratio (PSLR) and integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR) are calculated by the analysis of impulse response function (IRF) of the point target. The study is carried out to assess temporal stability and consistency of image quality parameters obtained from analysis of IRF of 44 point targets. The results obtained from this study show that the mean values of the range and azimuth resolution are 2.048 ± 0.081 m and 3.383 ± 0.097 m for RH and 1.981 ± 0.081 m and 3.348 ± 0.076 m for RV, respectively. PSLR/ISLR values for RH channel are obtained as ?26.492 dB/?26.823 dB for azimuth and ?19.209 dB/?19.921 dB for the range. For RV channel, PSLR/ISLR values are ?26.300 dB/?27.572 dB for azimuth and ?19.146 dB/?19.827 dB for range.