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931.
932.
For the prediction of energy production from multiple-fractured geothermal reservoirs, previous models basically focused on the one-dimensional conduction in the rock containing evenly distributed fractures of equal scale. Here, a novel model is described to numerically investigate the three-dimensional heat transfer in geothermal reservoirs with unevenly spaced disc fractures of various sizes including the aperture and radius. In terms of the water flow through each fracture, an approximate analytical solution is obtained on the assumption that the water pressure disturbances, induced by the fracture margin and extraction (injection) operation, at the injection (extraction) well center and at different locations within the injection (extraction) well range were approximately equal. By the integral equation scheme for two-dimensional planar fractures, the three-dimensional problem of heat exchange is simulated without the reservoir discretization. The singular integral is analytically calculated in polar coordinates whereas the nonsingular integrand is numerically estimated by the Gaussian quadrature method in Cartesian coordinates. Compared with the one-dimensional simplification, the three-dimensional heat conduction remarkably alters the prediction of extraction temperature. In addition, the reservoir temperature field is also significantly influenced by the spacings and dimensions of fractures. The present model may be used for the estimation, design, and optimization of a geothermal reservoir. 相似文献
933.
Amir Aabbas Katebi Ali Khojasteh Mohammad Rahimian Ronald Y. S. Pak 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(12):1211-1236
A theoretical formulation is presented for the determination of the interaction of a vertically loaded disc embedded in a transversely isotropic half‐space. By means of a complete representation using a displacement potential, it is shown that the governing equations of motion for this class of problems can be uncoupled into a fourth‐order partial differential equation. With the aid of Hankel transforms, a relaxed treatment of the mixed‐boundary value problem is formulated as dual integral equations, which, in turn, are reduced to a Fredholm equation of the second kind. In addition to furnishing a unified view of existing solutions for zero and infinite embedments, the present treatment reveals a severe boundary‐layer phenomenon, which is apt to be of interest to this class of problems in general. The present solutions are analytically in exact agreement with the existing solutions for a half‐space with isotropic material properties. To confirm the accuracy of the numerical evaluation of the integrals involved, numerical results are included for cases of different degrees of the material anisotropy and compared with existing solutions. Further numerical examples are also presented to elucidate the influence of the degree of the material anisotropy on the response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
934.
Extreme weather is an important noise factor in affecting dynamic access to river morphology information.The response characteristics of river channel on climate disturbances draw us to develop a method to investigate the dynamic evolution of bankfull channel geometries(including the hydraulic geometry variables and bankfull discharges)with stochastic differential equations in this study.Three different forms of random inputs,including single Gaussian white noise and compound Gaussian/Fractional white noise plus Poisson noise,are explored respectively on the basis of the classical deterministic models.The model parameters are consistently estimated by applying a composite nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)method.Results of the model application in the Lower Yellow River reveal the potential responses of bankfull channel geometries to climate disturbances in a probabilistic way,and,the calculated average trends mainly run to synchronize with the measured values.Comparisons among the three models confirm the advantage of Fractional jump-diffusion model,and through further discussion,stream power based on such a model is concluded as a better systematic measure of river dynamics.The proposed method helps to offer an effective tool for analyzing fluvial relationships and improves the ability of crisis management of river system under varying environment conditions. 相似文献
935.
A complementary relationship evaporation model has been proposed and verified based on evaluations of the advection–aridity model and the Granger's complementary relationship model (Granger model) in dimensionless forms. Normalized by Penman potential evaporation, the Granger model and the advection–aridity model have been transformed into similar dimensionless forms. Evaporation ratio (ratio of actual evaporation to Penman potential evaporation) has been expressed as a function of dimensionless variable based on radiation and atmospheric conditions. Similar dimensionless variables for the different functions have been used in the two models. By referring to the dimensionless variable from the advection–aridity model and the function from the Granger model, a new model to estimate actual evaporation was proposed. The performance of the new model has been validated by the observed data from four sites under different land covers. The new model is an enhanced Granger model with better evaporation prediction over the aforementioned different land covers. It also offers more stable optimized parameters in a grassland site than the Granger model. The new model somewhat approximates the advection–aridity model under neither too wet nor too dry conditions, but without its system bias. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
936.
Site‐scale variability of streambank fluvial erodibility parameters as measured with a jet erosion test 下载免费PDF全文
The erosion rate of cohesive streambanks is typically modelled using the excess shear stress equation, dependent on two erodibility parameters: critical shear stress and erodibility coefficient. The jet erosion test (JET) has become the most common method for estimating these erodibility parameters in situ. Typically, results from a few JETs are averaged to acquire a single set of parameters for characterizing a streambank layer; however, this may be inadequate for accurately characterizing erodibility. The research objectives were to investigate the variability of JET results from assumed homogeneous streambank layers and to estimate the number of JETs required to accurately characterize erodibility for use in predictive models. On three unique streambanks in Oklahoma and across a range of erodibility, 20 to 30 JETs were conducted over a span of three days at each site. Unique to this research, each JET was analysed using the Blaisdell, scour depth and iterative solutions. The required sample size to accurately estimate the erodibility parameters depended on the JET solution technique, the parameter being estimated, and the degrees of precision and confidence. Conducting three to five JETs per soil layer on a streambank typically provided an order of magnitude estimate of the erodibility parameters. Because the parameters were log‐normally distributed, using empirical equations to predict erosion properties based on soil characteristics will likely contain high uncertainty and thus should be used with caution. This study exemplifies the need to conduct in situ measurements using the JET to accurately characterize streambank resistance to fluvial erosion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
937.
938.
通过对区域产业创新发展的影响因素进行分析,在理论研究基础上,采用结构方程方法对影响因素在产业发展创新驱动中的作用方式及路径进行假设和建模,并结合实证进行检验。研究发现,区域产业创新发展驱动的关键影响因素主要包括管理水平、技术环境、经济环境和政策环境,其中管理水平和技术环境因素可以直接作用于产业创新,而经济环境和政策环境因素则需要通过产业发展选择的方式,来间接推动产业创新。最后根据研究结果,提出通过作用于影响因素,强化区域产业创新驱动的具体建议。 相似文献
939.
通过基于考虑波浪非线性频散关系的椭圆型缓坡方程数学模型(RIDE),在原高阶的控制方程中添加植物阻力项,建立了模拟植物区波浪传播的数学模型(RIDE-VEG)。将计算结果与规则波在植物场中变形的水槽试验数据进行比较,验证良好,并分析了植物区特征参数对于波浪传播的影响。针对相对淹没度、植物密度和波浪周期等因素对波高衰减的影响进行敏感性分析,结果表明其三者对于消浪效果的影响是单调的,但消浪效果对于波浪周期的敏感程度则较其余二者为弱。与其他学者的研究相比,忽略流场效应的RIDE-VEG模型较其它的模型计算更为简便,且计算结果较为满意。 相似文献
940.
折射波在地震勘探中有非常重要的作用,但由于近地表噪声等因素影响,折射波在地震记录上往往能量较弱,信噪比较低。因此,Bharadwaj、Mallinson等提出了超虚拟折射干涉法(Supervirtual refraction interferometry-SVI),用于提高折射波的信噪比。在此基础上,结合正演模拟数据和实际资料,对该方法的抗噪性以及相关叠加道数、褶积叠加道数等因素对处理效果的影响进行了研究,结果表明,对于信噪比0.2的资料,在满足一定相关叠加道数和褶积叠加道数时,使用本方法后能使信噪比得到显著增强。 相似文献