波动方程角度域共成像道集

针对基于波场深度递推的波动方程叠前深度偏移成像方法难以准确地给出如Kirchhoff积分叠前深度偏移成像方法的偏移距域共成像道集的不足,在分析研究现有的各种波动方程偏移成像共成像道集方法的基础上,利用波场外推的单平方根算子和波场的窗口Fourier框架展开与重构方法,提出一种局部角度域共成像道集方法——成像点处反射角共成像道集方法.把这种角度域共成像道集方法应用于国际标准的Marmousi模型数据和一条实际二维地震数据都取得了理想的结果.提出的波动方程反射角度域共成像道集方法可为进一步的叠前偏移数据振幅随角度变化分析和偏移速度分析工作提供基础.     

共偏移距可分表示法叠前深度偏移

基于双平方根方程的共偏移距可分表示法叠前深度偏移用于复杂介质成像, 该方法在中点-偏移距坐标中同时向下延拓炮点和检波点波场, 实现方式采用正反傅立叶变换.构造的双平方根方程波场延拓算子能够使波数域变量与空间(速度) 域变量分离, 波数域内进行相移计算, 在空间域对因介质横向变速引起的时移作修正.地震数据偏移不需要逐炮计算, 具有较高的效率.对Marmousi模型数据的偏移成像结果显示, 该方法较好地成像强横向变速介质中的复杂构造.      

Hydrodynamic characteristics of ship sections in shallow water with complex bottom geometry

The method of boundary integral equation developed by the authors was applied for computing inertial and damping characteristics of ship sections for the cases of multi-stepped and inclined bottoms. Comparative calculations for three typical ship hull sections were performed and analyzed. The frequency-dependent data computed for these ship sections can be used to assess the bottom geometry's influence onto the ship motions in waves by means of the strip theory. Limiting values of the same characteristics corresponding to the close-to-zero frequency can also be used for estimation of hydrodynamic forces in manoeuvring over shallow and confined waterways.     

聚乙烯冲击压缩特性实验研究

利用神光Ⅱ装置第九路输出的倍频激光,采用直接驱动方式研究了聚乙烯(CH₂)材料的冲击压缩特性.实验表明聚乙烯冲击波阵面自发辐射较强,冲击波在聚乙烯台阶中的传播比较稳定.采用阻抗匹配方法,以铝作标准材料,测量了聚乙烯的冲击绝热线,聚乙烯冲击压强达0.54 TPa,冲击波速度测量相对扩展不确定度~2%(K=2),实验数据的一致性较好,与已有低压实验数据及状态方程解析模型比较符合.     

Shear effects in shakedown analysis of offshore structures

In this paper, a formulation for shakedown analysis of elastic-plastic offshore structures under cyclic wave loading is presented. In this formulation, a fast numerical solution method is used, suitable for the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of large offshore structures on which shear effects in addition to bending and axial effects are taken into account. The Morison equation is adopted for converting the velocity and acceleration terms into resultant forces and it is extended to consider arbitrary orientations of the structural members. The theoretical methods of the shakedown analysis are discussed in detail and the formulation is applied to an offshore structure to verify the concept employed and its analytical capabilities.     

Mapping of an approximate neutral density surface with Ungridded data

A neutral density surface is a logical study frame for water-mass mixing since water parcels spread along such a surface without doing work against buoyancy restoring force. Mesoscale eddies are believed to stir and subsequently mix predominantly along such surfaces. Because of the nonlinear nature of the equation of state of seawater, the process of accurately mapping a neutral density surface necessarily involves lateral computation from one conductivity, temperature and depth （CTD） cast to the next in a logical sequence. By contrast, the depth of a potential density surface on any CTD cast is found solely from the data on this cast. The lateral calculation procedure causes a significant inconvenience. In a previous paper by present author published in this journal （You, 2006）, the mapping of neutral density surfaces with regularly gridded data such as Levitus data has been introduced. In this note, I present a new method to find the depth of a neutral density surface from a cast without having to specify an integration path in space. An appropriate reference point is required that is on the neutral density surface and thereafter the neutral density surface can be determined by using the CTD casts in any order. This method is only approximate and the likely errors can be estimated by plotting a scatter diagram of all the pressures and potential temperatures on the neutral density surfaces. The method assumes that the variations of potential temperature and pressure （with respect to the values at the reference point） on the neutral density surface are proportional It is important to select the most appropriate reference point in order to approximately satisfy this assumption, and in practice this is found by inspecting the θ-p plot of data on the surface. This may require that the algorithm be used twice. When the straight lines on the θ-p plot, drawn from the reference point to other points on the neutral density surface, enclose an area that is external to the cluster of θ-p points of the neutral density surface, errors will occur, and these errors can be quantified from this diagram. Examples showing the use of the method are presented for each of the world＇s main oceans.     

湿饱和流中的Richardson数和不稳定的研究

本文推导了干、湿饱和流中的Ri数方程.选取华北的一次降水过程,利用模式输出资料计算并对比分析干空气、湿饱和流中Ri方程中的各项,发现干过程中水平风速的垂直切变对干Ri数的变化和不稳定的影响占主导地位,而在湿过程中,湿饱和Ri的分子(Brunt_Vaisala frequency, 简称BVF)对Ri数的变化及不稳定的影响可达到与分母相当的量级. 既然BVF在湿过程中对不稳定有非常重要的影响,我们寻找了更符合湿过程中实际情况的BVF表达式,以对Ri进行修正,从而更好地判断湿过程的不稳定.研究发现,由于考虑了气块的虚温效应和总的水物质混合比的变化,即考虑降水过程中部分液态水脱离气块,有效地减小了雨区的稳定性,使得修正后的湿Ri公式可能更适合于诊断雨区的不稳定.     

三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究

波动方程基准面校正处理被认为是当地表高程变化剧烈、地表一致性假设又不成立的情况下对于常规高程基准面校正的必要替代. 在二维波动方程基准面校正方面,前人已经作了大量工作,并且在实际应用中获得了良好的效果,应该将其进一步推广到三维. 本文采用三维频率空间域有限差分波场延拓算子以“逐步－累加”的方式实现了三维波动方程基准面校正,并对实际数据进行了处理. 对于西部某三维数据的实际计算结果表明,相对于传统的模型法高程静校正,波动方程基准面校正更合理地实现了基准面校正,有助于提高后续的速度分析精度和成像质量.     

横观各向同性饱和土的基本方程组

两相饱和多孔介质的基本方程组和计算参数的选取在一定程度上是混乱的.本文利用连续介质力学理论,结合空间平均化方法,根据应力-应变关系、运动学关系、连续性方程及广义Darcy定律,建立了横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质的基本方程组;通过将该基本方程组与Biot理论的基本方程组进行比较,确定了Biot方程组中的弹性常数Bi与弹性常数cij的关系,并得到了确定Biot参数mi和ri的计算公式——Biot参数与渗透率、孔隙率及黏性系数的关系;最后对几种特殊情形进行了讨论,给出了简化方程组.     

傅里叶有限差分法保幅叠前深度偏移方法

地震数据中饱含有丰富的走时信息和振幅信息. 为解决传统偏移方法中几何扩散和入射角变化引起的振幅误差问题,本文提出了一种实用的波动方程保幅地震偏移方法. 该方法从全声波方程出发进行单程波保幅分解,得到直观、高效率的直接面对地震波传播波场的压力分量进行延拓的保幅偏移单程波方程,进而推导出一个含有6项的傅里叶有限差分法保幅偏移的算子方程;修改边界条件和成像条件,使修改后的边界条件和成像方程中考虑振幅补偿,从而从三方面补偿几何扩散损失和入射角变化对振幅的影响. 脉冲响应测试、单炮记录的数值试验以及SEG/EAGE盐丘模型的叠前偏移结果表明,该方法不但可以使散射能量聚焦、归位,提高成像精度;而且可以输出正确反映地下反射系数的振幅信息,为后续的地震属性分析(如AVO/AVA)提供更真实的地震信息.