网络约束点格局分析研究综述

随着信息通信技术高速发展,地理相关大数据使得传统的空间分析面临着机遇与挑战。平面空间分析方法在分析网络空间点要素空间过程、揭示其空间分布时的弊端日益凸显,由此对探索网络约束点要素特定的分析方法的关注度不断提高。本文定义了网络约束的思想,详细阐述了网络约束点格局分析方法体系,并分别从网络约束点格局的理论和应用出发,梳理了网络约束点格局分析的一阶方法、二阶方法及其他方法上的研究进展,总结了网络约束点格局分析在交通安全领域、犯罪学领域和其他城市点要素中的典型应用,最后在方法与应用层面,讨论近年重要的研究动向及未来的发展趋势。     

不同坐标系综合变换法

不同坐标系统的相似变换法一般不足以将两坐标系统间的差异纳入坐标转换模型，因而低精度的坐标框架到高精度的坐标转换往往不能保证统一后的坐标框架的高精度。本文试图将相似变换与回归逼近相结合，以便顾及低精度大地网中的局部误差积累和变形，从而提高统一后的坐标框架的精度。     

球面坐标系非连续变形分析折数学模型

从球面坐标系的弹性力学基础方程出发，推导出球面上块体的位移与6个位移不变量之间的数学关系，进一步建立了联立方程式的球面坐标形式，为大范围现代地壳运动的非连续形变形下了数学基础。     

Exchange of Short-Chain Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) between Plants and the Atmosphere: A Compilation of Field and Laboratory Studies

Field and laboratory investigations of the exchange of the short-chain organic acids – formic acid and acetic acid – as well as their homologous aldehydes are discussed. Both acids are substantially released from several plant species. Emission measurements under field conditions are compiled to give an overview of three years of measurements. Emission rates from several tree species were found in the range between zero and 60 nmoles m^–2 min^–1 for acetic acid and between zero and 90 nmoles m^–2 min^–1 for formic acid though also a deposition has been observed to orange trees. Investigations under laboratory conditions showed an order of magnitude lower emission rates with significant differences under light and dark conditions, and a deposition was observed under certain conditions. Hence, low emission rates or even a bi-directional exchange, emission as well as deposition have to be taken into account. Further differences between field and laboratory studies are discussed considering age of trees, stress effects and a potential production of acids by photochemical conversion of precursors inside enclosures during sampling. Field data on the exchange of form- and acetaldehyde show a complex behavior. We found emission as well as uptake. The bi-directional exchange is significantly triggered by the ambient mixing ratios of both aldehyde species and exhibits a compensation point. Further studies are needed for generalization of the exchange of these and potentially also for other compounds.     

An Approach to Single Image Automatic Orientation and Point Determination by Using Ortho-Images and a Dtm

This paper describes an approach to single image automatic orientation and point determination by using current ortho-images and a DTM, and the experience gained in its implementation. The procedure proposed automatically extracts and matches feature points in evenly distributed patches on aerial images and ortho-images. A large number of image measurements (up to several thousand) are obtained in this process and are included in a robust space resection to determine the orientation parameters of the aerial image. For point determination with a single image, a method is formalised which integrates the DTM interpolation into the space resection so that the 3D ground coordinates of the image points can be determined in a unified mathematical model. Tests and analyses of this method show that the large number of automatic image measurements relieves the requirement for complicated and precise feature extraction and matching methods. The ground points obtained from single image intersection have an accuracy of approximately 1 pixel in planimetry, which fulfils the requirement for ortho-image updating. The elevation accuracy is mainly dependent on the quality of the current DTM and the interpolation method applied to it.     

高精度GPS水准高程求解算法研究

为了改善GPS大地高向正常高转换的精度和计算速度，坐标转换、顾及非格网数据考虑地形改正的几何方法和龙贝格加速积分法被采用，实践验证，该方法是正确的。     

Extrinsic and intrinsic mode of hydrogen occurrence in natural olivines: FTIR and TEM investigation

Olivine crystals from two mantle nodules in kimberlites (pipe Udachnaya and pipe Obnazennaya, Yakutiya, Siberia) were investigated using EMP, TEM, AEM and FTIR techniques to determine the mode of hydrogen occurrence in olivine. Olivine contains three types of nanometer-sized inclusions: “large” inclusions of hexagonal-like shape up to several hundred nm in size (1), lamellar defects (2) and small inclusions of hexagon-like shape up to several 10?nm in size (3). Lamellar defects and small inclusions are considered to be a “hydrous” olivine. All three types of inclusions contain OH^? or water, but they are different with respect to their phase composition. In “large” inclusions (1) hydrous magnesium silicates, such as serpentine?+?talc (“kerolite”?) and 10-Å phase?+?talc were identified. Lamellar defects (2) and small inclusions (3) are depleted in Mg and Fe compared to the olivine matrix, while the silica content is the same as that of olivine. Modulations in the periodicity of the olivine structure are observed in SAED patterns and HREM images of (2) and (3). The superperiodicity can be referred to OH^?-bearing point defect ordering in the olivine structure. If this is the case, the material of both lamellar defects and small inclusions can be assumed to be a “hydrous olivine” Mg_{2– x} v _x SiO₄H_{2 x} with a cation-deficient olivine crystal structure. Thus, both an extrinsic mode of hydrogen occurrence in olivine, such as nanometer-sized inclusions of OH^?-bearing magnesium silicates, and an intrinsic mode of hydrogen incorporation into the olivine structure, such as “hydrous olivine” in itself, were found. The data obtained here show that the OH absorption bands observed in olivine spectra at 3704(3717) and 3683(3688) cm^?1 can be unambiguously identified with serpentine; the band at 3677(3676) cm^?1 can be associated with talc. The absorption bands observed at 3591 and 3660?cm^?1 in olivine match those of the 10-Å phase at 3594, 3662 and 3666?cm^?1.     

高塔,高层建筑物振动与形变的超长摆综合观测

高大建筑物（如电视塔等）在外力作用和自身老化过程中出现的形变和振动频率特性变化的监测，是灾害预测和工程检验的重要内容。具有测站移动坐标系的超长摆观测系统，可以胜任这一超宽频（0～100HZ）振动和挠曲综合观测要求。文中导出超长摆观测方程xi＝－（R~2_iQ~2_s＋P~2_i－2R_iQ_sP_icosγ_s）~(1/2)Xmsin（ωt＋θ_i）并论证了在相应参数选择下，此系统具有足够的振幅放大系数（S_i≥0．8）和振动周期观测覆盖范围；对超低频一永久形变也具有真实的监测能力（S_i＝P_i）；具有监测频带宽、动态测量范围大、无漂移、抗干扰等优点。     

论徐连经济带建设

通过对徐连经济带在全省，淮海经济区中经济地位的分析，与省内宁镇扬，苏锡常两区的比较，找出本带经济中存在的问题及原因，提出加快其经济发展所拥有的优势区位，优越的自然条件和重要意义，并就点轴开理论本带建设布局中的应用进行了探讨。     

地震活动的自组织和演化

通过余震活动资料,说明了地震活动中的自组织行为和分形现象.对于地震断裂系统,利用地震频度作为序参量,并应用绝热消去法建立了代表地震活动演化规律的序参量所满足的主方程.通过主方程的解,很好地解释了一次大地震过程中可能出现的各种地震活动现象和有序性变化.像许多物理系统一样,包括大地震震源在内的地震断裂系统,在临界点处涨落会自行扩大并对系统状态的突变起着举足轻重的作用.同时,要注意系统内部不可预测的行为,正确对待地震的预测和预报的含义.