BOX-COX TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITIONAL DATA

The statistical analysis of compositional data is of fundamental importance to practitioners in generaland to chemists in particular.The existing methodology is principally due to Aitchison,who effectivelyuses two transformations,a ratio followed by the logarithmic,to create a useful,coherent theory thatin principle allows the plethora of normal-based multivariate techniques to be used on the transformeddata.This paper suggests that the well-known class of Box-Cox transformations can be employed inplace of the logarithmic to significantly improve the existing methodology.This is supported in part byshowing that one of the most basic problems that Aitchison managed to overcome,namely thespecification of an interpretable covariance structure for compositional data,can be resolved,or nearlyresolved,once the ratio transformation has been applied.Hence the resolution is not directly dependenton the logarithmic transformation.It is then verified that access to the general Box-Cox family will allowa more accurate use of the normal-based multivariate techniques,simply because better fits to normalitycan be achieved.Finally,maximum likelihood estimation and some associated asymptotics are employedto construct confidence intervals for ratios of the true,unknown compositional constituents.Heretoforethis had not been done even in the context of the logarithmic transformation.Applications to real dataare presented.     

一种改进的基于光流的运动目标的检测算法

讨论了序列图像的运动目标检测算法，在传统的光流场计算方法的基础上，提出了基于帧间差阈值法的快速光流算法。整个算法简单、有效，保证了序列图像中运动目标跟踪的实时性和鲁棒性。试验结果验证了本方法的有效性和实用性。     

Geodynamic settings of Mesozoic large-scale mineralization in North China and adjacent areas——Implication from the highly precise and accurate ages of metal deposits

AlthoughthereareseveralmetallogeniceventsthroughthegeologicalhistoryintheNorthChinacratonandadjacentareas,includingtheArcheanBIFtypeirondepositsandtheProterozoicSEDEXtypePb-ZnandCudeposits,thelarge-scalepolymetallicmineralizationmainlyoccurredinMesozoic.H…     

An elliptic problem with integral constraints with application to large-scale geophysical flows

We present a weak formulation of a non-standard elliptic equation whose boundary values are determined in part by integral relations. Existence and uniqueness of its solution are proved, and a finite element discretization is described, analyzed, and implemented on a test problem. The equation is a generalization of one that is solved during integration of the three-dimensional Quasigeostrophic equations, which model large-scale rotating stratified flows, where the integral constraints represent conservation of physical properties.     

越流承压含水层不稳定流问题有限差分法的稳定条件

证明了一维承压越流含水层系统不稳定流问题差分格式的稳定性条件,显式差分格式的稳定性条件是△ｔ（４Ｔ／（μ（△ｘ）＾２）＋ｂ／μ）≤２隐式格式是无条件稳定的,以河间地块一维承压越流含水层的为例,根据给出的稳定性条件进行了数值计算,结果表明,在满足稳定性条件时,对计算结果符合实际。     

大地测量反演构造应力场若干问题的探讨

讨论了大地测量反演构造应力场的概念，分析了地表位移值作为构造应力场反演的约束条件的合理性，以及介质参数对构造应力场结果的影响。     

基于精细岩相约束的致密低渗储层参数建模研究——以红河油田92井区长812致密砂岩储层为例

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田属于低孔、超低渗岩性油气藏.红河油田长8储层主要发育辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道和分流间湾两种沉积微相，并且在水下分流河道沉积微相中储层参数变化范围大，非均质性强，用常规的单一沉积相控建模方法无法对储层参数空间分布的非均质性进行充分表征.为了精确描述其储层参数及展布特征，以红河油田92井区长8₁²致密砂岩储层为例，在地质、岩心、测井等资料的基础上，应用基于精细岩相约束的储层参数建模方法建立了研究区三维地质模型，即先用沉积相发育模式约束建立沉积微相模型，再对水下分流河道沉积微相进行岩相细分，在沉积微相模型和不同岩相概率体的双重控制下建立岩相模型，然后以岩相模型为约束建立储层参数模型.结果表明，该方法建立的储层参数模型具有较高的可靠性，与地质认识符合较好，为该区油藏数值模拟提供了精确的地质模型，并为研究区下一步开发方案调整提供了地质依据.     

用改进的光滑约束最小二乘正交分解法实现电阻率三维反演

对三维电阻率反演问题进行了深入研究,提供了一种利用地表观测数据实现三维反演的实用算法.该方法应用有限差分求正演解,并通过对粗糙度矩阵元素进行适当改进,使之适用于各种情况下粗糙度矩阵的求取,进而建立在模型的总粗糙度极小条件下的反演方程.对反演方程采用收敛速度快且稳定的最小二乘正交分解（LSQR）法进行迭代求解,在迭代求解过程中只需利用偏导数矩阵和其转置矩阵乘以一个向量的结果,回避了直接求偏导数矩阵的繁琐计算,节省了内存,加快了反演的计算速度.不同的计算实例表明上述方法是求解大规模三维电阻率反演问题的有效方法.     

大回线源瞬变电磁一维自适应反演方法及应用

提出了一种适用于大回线源瞬变电磁法框内任意测点垂直Z分量的一维反演方法。该算法采用CMD正则化因子优化方案、光滑度函数和自然边界条件对反演过程进行了约束,减小了初值的依赖度,保证了反演过程的自主性和反演结果的稳定性;在反演过程中,在保证模型残差沿梯度下降的同时,对模型修正量的最大值进行了限制,使反演模型不易陷入局部极小,保证了反演结果全局的收敛性;同时反演的灵敏度矩阵采用牛顿法进行更新,减少了整个反演计算的工作量。最后通过五层的双低阻层模型、双高阻层模型和实测资料证明了该算法可靠。     

环境因素对土工格栅蠕变特性的影响

针对高密度聚乙烯单向拉伸土工格栅进行了一系列不同环境因素条件下的蠕变试验,研究了应力水平、温度、化学作用、施工损伤以及砂土侧限约束等对格栅蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,温度或应力水平越高,格栅蠕变量越大,蠕变速率也越快;常规条件下单向拉伸土工格栅的蠕变临界应力水平不宜大于40%;化学作用可导致格栅蠕变量增大约10%,施工损伤对蠕变的影响非常显著;另一方面,砂土侧限约束下的蠕变特性与格栅的受力状态有关,填料约束以及上覆荷载作用可大幅降低格栅的蠕变量。