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《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):31-39
A proper characterization of land-use types is critical for constructing generalization constraints to guide and control landuse data generalization. This paper focused on identification and utilization of their importance based upon land-use distributions and application themes. First, this importance was identified using a three-step method that links a diversity index, a multiple attribute decision model and a spatial association analysis. Second, with the importance, a mathematical function was designed to determine minimum area thresholds of land-use polygons as an example of generalization constraints. Third, the importance was used to assist in the selection of generalization operators and evaluation of generalization outcomes. Fourth, a land-use dataset at 1:10 000, describing the land use of a typical rural area in Hubei province of China, was generalized towards a 1:50 000 dataset to verify the effects of the presented method and function. Three additional tests were implemented to analyze the sensitivity of the importance of land-use types on setting the minimum area threshold and generalization operations. The outcome showed that the proposed methods and functions make land-use data generalization more adaptable for in-use datasets and applications. 相似文献
113.
导管架海洋平台优化设计中约束的有效处理 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
对导管架海洋平台优化设计中的应力约束、桩基横向承载力约束和构件长细比约束进行了分析,论证了应力约束取构件截机最大Mises应力、桩基横向承载力约束取桩顶侧位移或最大抗力比和构件长细约束取受压构件长细比许用值作为约束的合理性。提出了精细一维搜索算法,并用此法求我件截面Mises应力最大值。 相似文献
114.
干旱区水资源对城市化约束强度的综合评价模型 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
Water has become a key restricting factor of the urbanization process in developing arid areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative
methods, we constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in
arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of
water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW
China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor is bigger in the east
and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to
2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. At present, most areas in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong
or strong constraint type. Through rational adjustment of water resources and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still
promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated
assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between
water resources and urbanization system in arid area.
Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation;
K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong
Author: Bao Chao (1978–), Ph.D, specialized in urbanization and water sustainable utilization. 相似文献
115.
不等式约束是客观实际中普遍存在的一种约束,但目前大地测量数据处理领域并没有成熟、完整并被普遍接受的处理理论和方法。首先简要总结附不等式约束平差的各种方法及其存在的问题。然后对现有测量平差中附有等式约束的平差模型进行扩展,提出一种新的处理附有线性约束(包括等式和不等式约束)的平差方法。该方法在有效约束概念下,通过库恩-塔克条件来寻找有效约束条件,把不等式约束平差问题转化为我们熟知的等式约束平差问题,因此实现解向量与观测向量之间的显式表达。最后,用一个数值算例验证新方法的可行性,同时算例分析表明:用等式约束代替有效约束或集成约束进行平差计算,能得到正确的平差结果,但得不到正确的精度评定结果。 相似文献
116.
地震勘探方法在深部固体矿产资源勘探中发展潜力巨大,同时也面临挑战.由于固体矿产资源地下分布呈现陡峭构造、尺度小,物性差异小的特点,常规偏移方法对小尺度矿体成像的分辨率提高有限.本文研究了一种基于稀疏促进约束的最小二乘逆时偏移方法.首先,将非均匀分布的矿体等效为随机介质,建立小尺度扰动的矿体模型;其次,改进现有最小二乘偏移方法,以稀疏模型为先验信息约束成像结果,并通过Curvelet变换压缩成像空间,经过多次迭代计算,可以提高小尺度散射体的成像分辨率;再次,对炮域记录进行随机震源编码,减少成像所需的炮集个数,通过稀疏促进约束条件,降低串扰噪声引起的成像误差.通过庐枞金属矿模型数值计算,验证本文方法可以较好的成像包含小尺度散射体的金属矿地质模型.
相似文献117.
《The Professional geographer》1986,38(2):195-222
Book Reviewed in this article: The Vanishing Farmland Crisis, Critical Views of the Movement to Preserve Agricultural Land . John Baden Protecting Farmlands . Frederick R. Steiner and John E. Theilacker Ecological Effects of Fire in South African Ecosystems . Peter de V. Booysen and Neil M. Tainton Geography in China . Wu Chuanjun , Wang Nailiang , Lin Chao and Zhao Songqiao Resource Inventory and Baseline Study Methods for Developing Countries . Francis Conant , Peter Rogers , Marion Baumgardner , Cyrus Mc Kell , Raymond Dasmann, and Priscilla Reining Principles of Remote Sensing . Paul J. Curran Famine As A Geographical Phenomenon . Bruce Currey and Graeme Hugo The Suburban Squeeze: Land Conversion and Regulation in the San Francisco Bay Area . David E. Dowall Senses of Place . John Eyles Uneven Development and the Geographical Transfer of Value . D. K. Forbes and P. J. Rimmer Issues in Wilderness Management . Michael Frome Land-use and Prehistory in South-east Spain , The London Research Series in Geography 8. Antonio Gilman and John B. Thornes with Stephen Wise Regions in Question, Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy . Charles Gore The Colorado River: Instability and Basin Management . William L. Graf Hazardous Waste Sites: The Credibility Gap . Michael R. Greenberg and Richard F. Anderson Peasants, Subsistence Ecology, and Development in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea . Lawrence S. Grossman Silver Cities: The Photography of American Urbanization, 1839-1915 Peter B. Hales Silicon Landscapes . Peter Hall and Ann Markusen Remaking Ibieca: Rural Life in Aragon under Franco . Susan F. Harding The European Energy Challenge: East and West . George W. Hoffman The Global Climate . John T. Houghton The Urban Jobless in Eastern Africa . Abel G. M. Ishumi . The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century North America . John A. Jakle City and Society: An Outline for Urban Geography . R. J. Johnston Residential Segregation, The State and Constitutional Conflict in American Urban Areas . R. J. Johnston Accessibility and Utilization: Geographical Perspectives on Health Care Delivery . Alun E. Joseph and David R. Phillips To the Heart of Asia: The Life of Sven Hedin . George Kish North American Culture , Vol 1. Ary J. Lamme III Past and Present in the Americas: A Compendium of Recent Studies . John Lynch Ethnicity in Contemporary America: A Geographical Appraisal . Jesse O. Mc Kee The Shell Countryside Book . Richard Muir and Eric Duffey 1990 Planning Conference Series. Proceedings of the National Geographic Areas Conference . Proceedings of the Regional Geographic Areas Conferences Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape . Vol. 2: Barns and Farm Structures . Allen G. Noble Bangladesh: Biography of a Muslim Nation . Charles Peter O'donnell 相似文献
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可控冲击波(CSW)岩层致裂技术作为岩层改造领域的一项变革性技术,已在煤层改造等方面取得显著应用效果,并在煤炭安全开采领域开展应用探索。然而,受实验及现场监测条件限制,前期对地质-工程因素约束下的CWS岩层致裂基本规律理解不足,制约了对致裂机理的探索及现场作业参数的优化。鉴于此,在阐述CSW煤层改造及其面临的工程科学问题基础上,采用基于连续介质力学的离散元方法(CDEM)开展数值模拟,以进一步揭示地应力、煤岩力学性质、冲击波加载条件约束下的CSW煤层致裂行为及其基本规律。结果显示,CSW加载条件对致裂效果的影响存在最优范围,过度加载会导致近井地带煤体崩解,煤粉产出率增加,造成煤储层伤害;同时,煤体破碎导致波阻抗及冲击波衰减速度增大,限制有效改造半径扩展;地应力增大,破裂半径、破裂度存在临界值,水平主应力差对CSW冲击裂隙形态、扩展方位及缝网连通程度存在显著影响。研究揭示,CSW煤岩致裂效果对力学性质的响应存在选择性:弹性模量与破裂半径、破裂度之间存在拐点临界值;黏聚力增大,煤岩脆性变小,致裂效果变差;抗拉强度似乎对CSW致裂效果没有明显影响。研究成果可为CSW作业煤层优选及参数优化措施提供参考。 相似文献