基于模糊聚类分析法的BDS长基线模糊度解算

为探求BDS长基线模糊度解算的最优组合观测量,基于模糊聚类分析法分别选取2个BDS最优超宽巷组合和1个最优窄巷组合共同构建TCAR模型,分别采用GF_TCAR、GB_TCAR和GIF_TCAR模型对实测BDS长基线进行模糊度解算。实验表明,3种模型解算超宽巷组合模糊度的结果基本一致; GF_TCAR模型解算模糊聚类分析法所得最优窄巷组合(3,0,-2)的相邻历元组合模糊度差值优于常用的(4,2,-5)组合;GB_TCAR模型解算IGSO卫星时,窄巷组合(3,0,-2)的结果优于(4,2,-5)组合,而解算GEO、MEO卫星时2种窄巷组合结果一致;GIF_TCAR模型解算窄巷组合(3,0,-2)的结果略逊于(4,2,-5)组合。     

固定模糊度的GRACE-FO卫星简化动力学定轨精度分析

对GRACE-FO卫星进行精密定轨研究,利用简化动力学方法处理其14 d的星载GPS数据并进行精度分析。通过载波相位残差分析、重叠弧段比较、参考轨道比较以及KBR检核,对比通过UPD方法固定模糊度参数的简化动力学轨道与浮点解轨道。结果表明,GRACE-FO卫星固定解轨道的载波相位残差约为1 cm,比浮点解大1～2 mm。3 d固定解重叠弧段差异的RMS值在R、T、N方向上均小于等于9.4 mm,优于浮点解的12.4 mm。与GFZ提供的精密科学轨道相比,GRACE-C卫星简化动力学固定解轨道在各方向上差异的RMS均值均小于1 cm,表明解算得到的轨道与PSO具有较高的一致性。固定模糊度后K波段测距(K-band ranging)检核残差的RMS均值从9.6 mm下降到6.7 mm,说明固定解能够进一步提升GRACE-FO卫星间的相对位置精度。因此,模糊度固定能够改善GRACE-FO卫星的定轨精度,提供更可靠的轨道服务。     

基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感影像土地覆盖自动分类方法

土地覆盖变化是全球变化研究的核心,而精准分类是开展土地覆盖变化研究的基础。高分辨率遥感卫星技术的快速发展对地表分类的速度和精度提出了双重挑战,近年来人工智能等新技术的发展为图像自动分割提供了实现途径,而以卷积神经网络为代表的深度学习方法在遥感图像分类领域也具有独特的优势。为对比深度学习模型设计对高分辨率图像分类结果的影响,本文以郑州市2019年高分1号影像作为输入,对比研究了基于UNet模型改进的4种不同深度学习网络模型在高分辨率影像土地覆盖自动分类应用中的差异,探讨了残差网络、模型损失函数、跳层连接和注意力机制模块等编码和解码设定对于分类精度的影响机制。研究发现：同时加入多尺度损失函数、跳层连接和注意力机制模块的MS-EfficientUNet模型对郑州市土地覆盖分类结果最优,基于像元评价的整体分类精度可达0.7981。通过在解码器中引入多尺度损失函数可有效提高林地、水体和其他类别的分类精度;而对编码器进行改进,加入跳层连接和注意力机制可进一步提高草地、水体和其他类别地物的分类精度。研究结果表明,深度学习技术在高分辨率遥感影像自动分类中具有潜在应用价值,但分类结果精度的进一步提高和多级别大范围的精细分类方法仍是下一步研究的重点。     

Archean Basement and a Paleoproterozoic Collision Orogen in the Huoqiu Area at the Southeastern Margin of North China Craton: Evidence from Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-Probe U-Pb Zircon Geochronology

This paper reports sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb zircon ages for the "Huoqiu Group" and granitoids of the Early Precambrian basement in the Huoqiu area, southeastern margin of the North China Craton. The "Huoqiu Group" is similar in rock association and metamorphism to the khondalite series, apart from it containing considerable amounts of banded iron formation. All detrital zircons from the "Huoqiu Group" meta-sedimentary rocks are 3.0 Ga and 2.75 Ga, without any 2.5 Ga and younger ones, as is commonly found in Paleoproterozoic khondalite series in other areas of the North China Craton. In the Huoqiu area, 2.75 Ga and 2.56 Ga granitoids have also been identified. This basement assemblage underwent strong metamorphism during the late Paleoproterozoic (~1.84 Ga) tectonothermal event that is widely developed in the North China Craton. Thus the formation time of the "Huoqiu Group" can be constrained between 2.75 and 1.84 Ga in terms of detrital and metamorphic zircon ages. It is considered, combined with regional data, that there may be a Paleoproterozoic collision orogen extending in a NWW–SEE direction to the southern margin of the North China Craton.     

海警视域下的海上安全威胁及应对策略

当前海警机构在海上遂行任务时面临多种形式的海上安全威胁,除常规安全威胁外,以海上军事冲突威胁和海上恐怖主义威胁为代表的非常规安全威胁正使海警面临越发严峻的海上综合实战能力考验。文章通过对海警视域下海上安全威胁的综合分析,提出提升装备体系化建设水平、增强人员实战化训练效果和探索海警多能化发展模式等应对策略,以期为海警未来妥善应对各类海上安全威胁及风险挑战提供有益参考。     

新疆大井南勘查区复杂表层条件下地震资料处理技术

新疆大井南勘查区位于克拉麦里山南麓的戈壁荒漠平原区,区内遍布戈壁、冲沟、沙丘、盐碱地和沙漠等多种地形,表层地震地质条件十分复杂。导致单炮记录差异大、干扰严重、信噪比低。通过采用叠前去噪、振幅补偿及一致性处理、静校正等手段,较好地解决了复杂表层条件引起的单炮品质差异问题,使剖面动力学特征和运动学特征统一,保持了较好的波组特征,具有较高的分辨率,较有利于薄煤层及煤层结构解释。     

基于地震资料的小断裂检测技术

煤矿安全生产的形势越来越严峻,查明煤层的构造发育情况,特别是小断层及微断裂的发育情况,是目前煤炭工业迫待解决的一大难题。根据煤田中小断层和断面波的特征,有针对性的提出了小断层高分辨率时频谱处理识别技术和基于断面波特征的微断裂识别方法,模型试验和实际地震资料的应用表明,该方法能够充分挖掘地震资料的有效信息,较好的识别出煤田中的小断层和微断裂。     

一个巨型望远镜方案

提出一个有特色的巨型望远镜(FGT)方案．其主镜口径为30米，主焦比为1．2，由1095块圆环形子镜构成．采用地平式装置．光学系统包括Nasmyth系统、折轴(Coude)系统和一个大视场系统．提出一个由4个镜面组成的新的Nasmyth系统，在约10′的视场范围内像斑小于爱里斑，达到衍射极限．比传统的Nasmyth系统的衍射极限视场大得多．可在这样的大视场内同时作好几个小区域的衍射极限的观测．当由Nasmyth系统转换到折轴系统和大视场系统时，采用主动光学技术改变子镜的面形、倾斜和平移，产生一个新的主镜面形，使折轴系统和大视场系统都能得到很好的像质．大视场系统的视场直径25′，场曲轻微，并有可能校正大气色散．给出了子镜面形和位置的公差，并讨论了望远镜的装置和结构,方案中的特色和创新对未来大望远镜的研制有普遍意义．     

Effect of Temporal Resolution of NDVI on Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation and Hydrological Model Performance

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, obtained from remote sensing information, are essential in the Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) model for estimation of evapotranspiration. In order to study the effect of temporal resolution of NDVI on potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimation and hydrological model performance, monthly and 10-day NDVI data set were used to estimate potential evapotranspiration from January 1985 to December 1987 in Huangnizhuang catchment, Anhui Province, China. The differences of the two calculation results were analyzed and used to drive the block-wise use of the TOPMODEL with the Muskingum-Cunge routing (BTOPMC) model to test the effect on model performance. The results show that both annual and monthly PETs estimated by 10-day NDVI are lower than those estimated by monthly NDVI. Annual PET from the vegetation root zone (PETr) lowers 9.77%-13.64% and monthly PETr lowers 3.28%-17.44% in the whole basin. PET from the vegetation interception (PETi) shows the same trend as PETr. In addition, temporal resolution of NDVI has more effect on PETr in summer and on PETi in winter. The correlation between PETr as estimated by 10-day NDVI and pan measurement (R2= 0.835) is better than that between monthly NDVI and pan measurement (R2 = 0.775). The two potential evapotranspiration estimates were used to drive the BTOPMC model and calibrate parameters, and model performance was found to be similar. In summary, the effect of temporal resolution of NDVI on potential evapotranspiration estimation is significant, but trivial on hydrological model performance.