多尺度细节增强的遥感影像超分辨率重建

鉴于现有超分辨率重建方法难以突显重建影像细节信息的问题,提出多尺度细节增强的遥感影像超分辨率重建模型框架。首先,通过最小二乘滤波方法将序列影像分解成包含大尺度边缘的平滑信息和包含中小型尺度的细节信息;其次,利用插值方法得到相应的高分辨率细节信息和平滑信息,构造纹理细节增强函数,提升中小型细节的增强幅度;最终,融合细节信息和平滑信息,得到初始的超分辨率重建结果,并利用局部优化模型进一步改善重建影像质量。选取同时相和多时相遥感影像作为试验数据。试验结果表明,本文重建结果与插值方法、TV方法和MAP方法相比,在客观评价指标上均有显著提高,明显改善了重建影像的纹理细节。论文提出的多尺度细节增强的超分辨率重建方法,可以使重建影像提供更多高频细节信息,具有较好鲁棒性和普适性。     

采用弯曲进行道路化简冲突避免的方法

针对道路化简后可能导致要素间空间关系前后不一致的问题,提出了一种采用弯曲进行道路化简冲突避免的方法。首先,以弯曲为单元分析道路化简前后弯曲的形态变化规律,对化简过程产生的要素间空间冲突类型进行了归纳和总结;其次,基于道路弯曲与要素之间的空间关系,提出了相应的冲突判别规则;最后,利用弯曲化简的可控性和弯曲组的间接化简策略实现对化简冲突的避免。试验表明,该方法能有效地识别和避免道路化简产生的空间冲突,确保化简前后道路与其他要素空间关系的一致性。     

遥感影像超分辨率处理方法与研究进展

随着人们对影像高分辨率需求的不断增加,图像超分辨率技术已成为相关研究领域的热点之一。针对在遥感领域并非所有的超分辨率方法都可用的现状,该文按照遥感影像超分辨率处理的流程,将超分辨率问题分为退化模型、配准、重建和精度评定4大模块。对于其中每一模块的理论、常用方法与研究进展进行了较全面的综述及比较分析。最后对这一领域的未来发展进行思考和展望。     

Fusing MODIS with Landsat 8 data to downscale weekly normalized difference vegetation index estimates for central Great Basin rangelands,USA

Data fused from distinct but complementary satellite sensors mitigate tradeoffs that researchers make when selecting between spatial and temporal resolutions of remotely sensed data. We integrated data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Terra satellite and the Operational Land Imager sensor aboard the Landsat 8 satellite into four regression-tree models and applied those data to a mapping application. This application produced downscaled maps that utilize the 30-m spatial resolution of Landsat in conjunction with daily acquisitions of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that are composited and temporally smoothed. We produced four weekly, atmospherically corrected, and nearly cloud-free, downscaled 30-m synthetic MODIS NDVI predictions (maps) built from these models. Model results were strong with R² values ranging from 0.74 to 0.85. The correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.89) were strong for all predictions when compared to corresponding original MODIS NDVI data. Downscaled products incorporated into independently developed sagebrush ecosystem models yielded mixed results. The visual quality of the downscaled 30-m synthetic MODIS NDVI predictions were remarkable when compared to the original 250-m MODIS NDVI. These 30-m maps improve knowledge of dynamic rangeland seasonal processes in the central Great Basin, United States, and provide land managers improved resource maps.     

Transforming local natural resource conflicts to cooperation in a changing climate: Bangladesh and Nepal lessons

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s, climate change impact discourse has highlighted potential for large scale violent conflicts. However, the role of climate stresses on local conflicts over natural resources, the role of policies and adaptation in these conflicts, and opportunities to enhance cooperation have been neglected. These gaps are addressed in this paper using evidence from participatory action research on 79 cases of local collective action over natural resources that experience conflicts in Bangladesh and Nepal. Climate trends and stresses contributed to just under half of these conflict cases. Nine factors that enable greater cooperation and transformation of conflict are identified. Participatory dialogue and negotiation processes, while not sufficient, changed understanding, attitudes and positions of actors. Many of the communities innovated physical measures to overcome natural resource constraints, underlying conflict, and/or institutional reforms. These changes were informed by improving understanding of resource limitations and indigenous knowledge. Learning networks among community organizations encouraged collective action by sharing successes and creating peer pressure. Incentives for cooperation were important. For example, when community organizations formally permitted excluded traditional resource users to access resources, those actors complied with rules and paid towards management costs. However, elites were able to use policy gaps to capture resources with changed characteristics due to climate change. In most of the cases where conflict persisted, power, policy and institutional barriers prevented community-based organizations from taking up potential adaptations and innovations. Policy frameworks recognizing collective action and supporting flexible innovation in governance and adaptation would enable wider transformation of natural resource conflicts into cooperation.

Key policy insights

• Climate stresses, policy gaps and interventions can all worsen local natural resource conflicts.

• Sectoral knowledge and technical approaches to adaptation are open to elite capture and can foster conflicts.

• Many local natural resource conflicts can be resolved but this requires an enabling environment for participatory dialogue, external facilitation, flexible responses to context, and recognition of disadvantaged stakeholder interests.

• Transforming conflict to greater cooperation mostly involves social and institutional changes, so adaptation policies should focus less on physical works and more on enabling factors such as negotiation, local institutions, knowledge, and incentives.

     

不同要素谱逼近对高分辨区域数值模式梅雨模拟的改进

为改进高分辨率区域数值天气预报模式雨带模拟偏差,利用WRF模式探讨了不同要素及其组合谱逼近方法对2015年浙江典型梅雨天气预报性能的影响。结果表明:(1)不同单要素逼近对梅雨模拟效果影响差异明显,风场逼近对模拟结果改进较大,高度场逼近对结果略有改善,而温度场逼近主要表现为负效应;风场组合了其他要素的逼近效果与单要素类似,故将水平风场谱逼近确定为最优方案。(2)最优方案对梅雨期间形势场各要素改进程度的排序为纬向风、经向风、相对湿度、温度场和高度场;三个特征层850、500、200 hPa各要素平均的均方根误差(相关系数)分别降低了(增加了)24. 1%(13.6%)、22.7%(21.7%)和13.0%(12.2%);且改进幅度随预报时效的延长而增加,这主要与区域模式内部大尺度系统的误差随积分时间增长有关。(3)典型个例分析显示,最优方案在较好订正低层风场及切变线动力条件的基础上,经过数值模式各物理过程的协同积分也修正了高湿区等关键热力因子,最终改进了高分辨率区域模式的梅雨模拟。     

城市居住单元环境质量的高分辨率遥感评价方法研究

高分辨率遥感影像由于其较高的空间分辨率使得在居住单元的尺度上进行城市环境质量的遥感评价成为可能。所研究的评价方法在选取传统的环境评价指标如绿地景观结构参数、建筑容积率参数基础上,提出了平均可视面积、影像地物交替复杂度以及山体、水体、绿地、道路等外界地物影响力等指标,进一步研究了相关指标的分析方法。最后采用模糊评判的方法得到各参数指标的评判矩阵,进一步获得各居住单元综合指标评价的最终结果。使用厦门市QuickBird遥感影像进行了相关评价方法的实验,对8个典型居住单元的环境评价实验研究表明,利用高分辨率影像进行城市人居环境质量评价是一种成本较低、简便可行的方法。     

多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究

获得高分辨率的地震信号是决定地震勘探在油气田等资源开发中能否发挥更大作用的关键,所以说地震信号的高分辨率是地震勘探所追求的重要目标,而提高数据信噪比才能真正提高地震资料的分辨率.本文通过对多项式拟合技术去噪的研究,以此提高地震数据信噪比.实际数据的处理结果表明,该方法能减少对振幅的畸变,同时可处理非水平的和弯曲的同相轴,可很好地提高地震资料的分辨率.     

浅层高分辨率反射地震试验研究：以雄安新区第四系为例

雄安新区城市规划建设对地下空间的高精度勘探提出了高要求,作为具有高分辨率的地面物探方法,反射波地震勘探技术具有良好应用前景。本文探究了厚覆盖区条件下的高精度有效反射地震探测技术,并利用反射纵波技术在雄安新区进行提高浅层分辨率的地震勘探方法试验。根据实际探测目标,通过对比分析不同检波器、震源类型、道距大小及接收排列长度等不同采集因素试验效果,探究已有条件下适宜的震源类型和最佳采集参数。结合实际资料处理和分层解释,试验研究表明,采用高频检波器、选择可控震源激发效果最佳,针对试验目标,结合小道距、适当排列接收等措施,可有效提高厚覆盖区50~300 m深度内反射纵波地震勘探的纵向分辨率,试验获得了丰富的有效波组信息,为内部地层精细划分和解释提供了依据。该方法可为类似环境下城市地下空间的精细探测提供有益参考借鉴。     

大型GNSS观测网的并行计算

CGCS2000精化及其全球拓展需要采用最新的模型,处理长期积累的大型GNSS观测网数据,大型GNSS网联合、快速和协同解算是空间基准精化、维持与服务的重要技术方向.在大数据技术背景下,以并行计算、云计算为代表的高性能计算技术逐渐成为大规模数据处理的首选方法.针对海量、多源、异构GNSS数据在解算处理与平差分析等方面面...