“A Newcomer” versus “First Mover”: Retail Location Strategy for Differentiation

In a competitive business environment, retailers brand themselves using unique location strategies. New retailers, especially, use their location strategy to construct a different brand concept from that of the first mover. Therefore, retail chains in the same industry show different location patterns. This article aims to investigate how a new retailer uses its location strategy to differentiate itself from the first mover by comparing the location patterns of two coffee chains. The location patterns of Starbucks Coffee (a “first mover” that employs a premium brand concept) and Ediya Coffee (a “new retail chain” that promotes an economical brand concept) are analyzed for the study. We use a Bayesian spatial model to explore the two retailers' location patterns in Seoul, Korea. Considerable differences are found in the spatial distribution patterns of the two coffee franchises. Starbucks has formed store groupings in prime areas such as the city center based on its cluster location strategy, reflecting its premium brand concept. Conversely, many Ediya Coffee shops have been located in less desirable areas such as fringe areas with low land prices, reflecting their economical brand concept and differentiating the company from Starbucks. These findings lead to a useful marketing implication for a retail startup formulating its location strategy for differentiation. Furthermore, this study's company-level analysis of retail location patterns provides a better understanding of complex retail geography.     

‘Not every body's cup of tea’? Theoretical perspectives in school geography

Geography teaching that highlights theoretical perspectives may help develop students’ critical disciplinary thinking, despite foundational knowledge being described to New Zealand geography teachers as ‘not every body's cup of tea’. This article extends the tea metaphor by contrasting two cultivations of theoretical perspectives in school geography. Unlike the two major cultivars of the Camellia shrub, however, this paper argues that perspectives have been minimally grown through one cultivar that focuses on the views of case study individuals and organisations. A maximal cultivation of perspectives is advanced in order to progress school‐aged understanding of the diverse nature of geographical knowledge.     

Nonstationary flow surface theory for modeling the viscoplastic behaviors of soils

This paper presents a three-dimensional elastic viscoplastic model that can describe the time-dependent behaviors of soft clays. The constitutive model is formulated based on the nonstationary flow surface theory and incorporates new developments, including (i) an improved definition of the nonstationary flow surface that is capable of capturing the stress–strain behaviors under different loading paths, (ii) a unique stress–strain—viscoplastic-strain-rate equation that is able to explicitly describe the nonstationary flow surface, and (iii) a final stable state concept that identifies the final equilibrium state at the end of creep and stress relaxation, which is also used to simplify the loading criteria. The consistency condition is validated for the proposed model, and the viscoplastic multipliers are calculated by solving the consistency equations. The model performance is investigated and validated via simulation of both oedometer and triaxial tests. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to reproduce the main viscoplastic behaviors of soils, including creep, undrained creep rupture, stress relaxation, rate effect and accumulated effect.     

辅助模型辨识方法(6):性能分析

辨识方法的性能分析是系统辨识领域的重要而困难的研究课题.新的辨识方法一诞生,就伴随着收敛性分析.辅助模型辨识是辨识的一个分支,辅助模型辨识方法已成为一大类辨识方法族,关于其收敛性也提出了许多课题.本文研究了输出误差系统辅助模型随机梯度算法、辅助模型递推最小二乘算法、辅助模型多新息随机梯度算法、变间隔辅助模型随机梯度算法和变间隔辅助模型递推最小二乘算法的一致收敛性,近似分析了Box-Jenkins系统辅助模型递推广义增广最小二乘算法的性能.     

土工试验与城市建筑设计

城市建设工程中,往往出现土工试验与建筑设计脱节的问题。建立建设方、设计方、勘察方的立体结构关系,可使勘察、设计与构思者的意图达到合理的融合。其中土工试验设计模式在运行过程中,效果良好。     

与地洼学说相关的几个问题

强调了陆内地台活化造山,是地洼学说即活化构造理论的核心概念。并从板块构造“地学革命”对经典地槽造山成因论的否定;从近廿年板块构造研究华南大地构造取得突破经典板块碰撞造山模式,提出了板内弧后造山新模式的研究实例;以及从活化构造理论与多岛海板内变形理论的对比等几方面的阐明,指出陆内活化造山区,作为地台区、陆缘造山带之外的第三种大地构造类型,其自主创新的意义和作用至今并未改变。强调了地洼学说或活化构造理论与板块构造理论之间并不是对立和互相排斥,一分为二、取长补短,有利于推进中国大地构造的研究和理论的创新发展。     

徐州市旅游资源概念规划研究

该文对徐州市域旅游资源概念规划进行研究。运用层次分析法、特尔菲法、模糊赋分法对旅游资源进行评价；以SWOT分析旅游资源开发；研究徐州市旅游资源的空间分布，分析该地旅游资源“五簇群”特征；探讨徐州市域旅游资源的概念规划(开发方向、结构分区、发展战略和近期行动计划)。     

区域形象设计

区域形象是对这一区域的认知和评估，是历史的积累。区域形象有一个很长的发展形成过程，反映一个区域的环境、素质和声誉，是经济发展的重要资源。区域形象设计是区域规划和城市规划的组成部分。     

多租户模式的国土云平台建设构想

针对国土资源信息化建设现状,构想设计了一种多租户模式的国土云平台.该平台下的多租户技术通过采用统一的应用框架和数据结构,对租户之间的数据进行隔离,并能满足适度的租户化定制需求,旨在解决国土资源信息化建设过程当中出现的统筹建设力度不够、应用分散、数据共享不足、资源信息技术体系相对落后等问题,为形成集约、高效、安全的国土云运行环境提供支撑.     

厦门市无居民海岛植被生态保护方案与规划

本文分析了厦门市无居民海岛植被生态现状与存在的问题,阐述了海岛生态功能定位,提出3种海岛生态保护方案,拟定了海岛生态保护措施及植被绿化规划,并得到当地政府的采纳.