GIS应用项目可行性研究初探

总结GIS应用项目可行性研究的基本理念、主要内容和工作步骤,认为全面的GIS项目可行性研究是在战略层次上分析组织环境,在战术层次上全面评估技术、财务、组织与实施方面的可行性,并撰写研究报告、论证报告建议。技术可行性分析包括产品的成熟程度评估、系统集成方案复杂程度评估和招聘技术人员的难易程度评估;财务可行性分析是识别项目成本和收益的类别和细目、估算成本并预期收益、计算财务指标;组织与实施可行性分析是组织对组织变革的适应性、接受程度做出判断。建议采用案例研究的方法,总结国内可行性研究的经验与教训,编制更实用的研究指南。     

论GIS的模糊不确定性

文章对GIS的模糊不确定性进行了研究,主要目的是系统论证GIS确实舍有模糊不确定性,使人们真正认识到GIS不仅含有随机不确定性而且含有模糊不确定性。文章主要是从GIS构成的四部分出发即：硬件、软件、人员和数据,分别对这四部分论述其模糊不确定性,即GIS存在着GIS数据模糊不确定性、GIS硬件模糊不确定性、GIS软件模糊不确定性和GIS人员的模糊不确定性;最后,指出GIS的模糊不确定性的研究还处于初步阶段,特别是人员的模糊不确定性还有很多因素无法进行研究以及如何减弱GIS各部分的模糊不确定性的理论和方法。     

基于GIS的寿宁县猕猴桃种植区提取

本文在对寿宁县当前经济发展和农业自然资源状况进行充分分析的基础上,根据猕猴桃的生长发育条件,确定相应的指标,应用GIS空间分析技术实现了寿宁县猕猴桃适宜种植区的自动提取.以此体现农业气候信息系统在种植区划上的可行性、优越性,并根据分析结果做出了相关的总结,以供有关部门参考.     

基于聚类分析的数据格式转换模型的改进

在深入细致分析各数据格式的相似性及差异性的基础上,针对传统数据格式转换模型一对一的转换方式,提出了分类通用数据格式转换模型——根据聚类分析对数据格式进行分类,归纳总结每类数据的通用数据格式,实现分类通用数据格式的相互转换,从而实现各数据格式的相互转换。     

The study on a new technology of waterway information system

It is a lot limitations to survey and design waterway by the CAD technique,due to timely variation of hydrology and ecology in the complicated estuary area,such as Changjing River estuary.In this paper,the advantages of GIS technique is applied to manage and process the multi kind,multi scale and multi time hydrographic parameters,including water depth,current velocity,tidal,waves,wind speed,temperature and salinity etc.,also to deal with different projection,different scale charts.Meanwhile,in the paper,combination techniques of GIS and CAD has been developed for unification of the charts for efficient management,two-way automatic carts conversion between GIS and CAD,automatic cutting and assemble of a number of Charts,flight path of the projection of spatial data and coordinate transformation.This new technique has been applied to survey and design waterway of Changing River estuary.The result shows that the combination technology of GIS and CAD has application potentiality in the waterway survey and design.     

基于GIS的海洋光学调查数据空间插值方法研究

研究基于GIS的海洋光学调查数据空间插值方法及其原理,主要探讨了反距离加权插值法、普通克里格法的球体模型和指数模型算法.通过对比分析利用不同插值算法得到的分布图,并在误差分析的基础上,选择制作海洋光学调查数据分布图的最佳空问插值方法.以海洋光学要素中的总颗粒物吸收系数为例,研究表明,普通克里格算法的球体模型能够更加准确地反映我国近海水体总颗粒物吸收系数的空间分布特点和变化趋势.     

Sea-level rise and flooding in coastal riverine flood plains

Abstract

This work presents a method for calculating the contributions of sea-level rise and urban growth to flood risk in coastal flood plains. The method consists of hydraulic/hydrological, urban growth and flood-damage quantification modules. The hydraulic/hydrological module estimates peak annual flows to generate flood stages impacted by sea-level rise within flood plains. A model for urban growth predicts patterns of urbanization within flood plains over the period 2010–2050. The flood-damage quantification module merges flood maps and urbanization predictions to calculate the expected annual flood damage (EAFD) for given scenarios of sea-level rise. The method is illustrated with an application to the Tijuana River of southern California, USA, and northwestern Mexico, where the EAFD is predicted to increase by over US$100 million because of sea-level rise of 0.25–1.0 m and urban growth by the year 2050. It is shown that urbanization plays a principal role in increasing the EAFD in the study area for the range of sea-level rise considered.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Garcia, E.S. and Loáiciga, H.A., 2013. Sea-level rise and flooding in coastal riverine flood plains. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 204–220.     

Geomorphological site classification for the Fujian province

Geomorphological classification of the Fujian province was done based on remote-sensing imaging, digital elevation maps, and slope gradient data acquired by ArcGIS 9.2. The engineering geological units in the Fujian province were divided into five types by the geomorphologic shape and genesis. The relationship among geomorphological type, engineering geological unit, and site category was determined using engineering geological data and site category data. Then, after making a preliminary site classification adjusted by drill hole data, the site was classified into four types: I₀, I₁, II, and III according to site classification standards of equivalent shear-wave velocity and overburden thickness. The results showed that the site categories in the Fujian province mainly consist of type II, which accounts for 85.26 % of the land area. The percentage of I₀ was the smallest, which accounts for only 2.44 % of the total area.     

Glacier inventory of the Gran Campo Nevado Ice Cap in the Southern Andes and glacier changes observed during recent decades

The Gran Campo Nevado (GCN) forms an isolated ice cap on the Península Muñoz Gamero (PMG) located 200 km to the south of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). We present a glacier inventory of the GCN made up by 27 drainage basins (in total 199.5 km²) and other small cirque and valley glaciers of the southern part of PMG (in total 53 km²). The glacier inventory is based on a digital elevation model (DEM) and ortho-photos. Contour lines from maps, relief information derived from Landsat TM satellite imagery from 1986 and 2002 and stereoscopic data from aerial photos were combined in a knowledge-based scheme to obtain a DEM of the area. A digital ortho-photo map based on aerial photos from 1998 and several ortho-photos based on aerial photos from 1942 and 1984 could be produced from the initial DEM. A geographical information system (GIS) served to outline the extent of the present glaciation. All major glaciers of the GCN show a significant glacier retreat during the last 60 yr. Some of the outlet glaciers lost more than 20% of their total area during this period. Overall glacier retreat amounts to 2.8% of glacier length per decade and the glacier area loss is 2.4% per decade in the period from 1942 to 2002. We hypothesise that GCN glaciers may have reacted faster and more synchronously with the observed warming trend during recent decades when compared with the SPI.