基于MapGIS组件技术批量绘制多元素化探剖面图

利用MapGIS组件技术,通过可视化语言Visual Basic编程完成了多元素化探剖面图的制作.利用此程序绘制几十条多元素剖面的数百条曲线费时仅几分钟,每条剖面均形成一个点(.wt)和线(.wl)文件,效率大为提高.     

达里湖沉积粒度组分-湖面状况定量模型

湖泊碎屑沉积物的粒度分布可以提供与区域气候变化相关的湖泊水文变化信息。然而, 由于湖泊沉积物多峰分布固有的复杂性, 其粒度组分成因的解释仍存在很大的不确定性。本文利用对数正态分布函数对内蒙古达里湖36个表层沉积物样品的粒度组分进行了分离, 并探讨了各组分特性与特定沉积环境(包括每个采样点位的离岸距离和水深)之间的关系。结果表明, 达里湖现代碎屑沉积物包含5个截然不同的单峰粒度分布, 分别代表5个不同的粒度组分。虽然其相对百分含量随湖泊水动力条件而变化, 但每个组分均保留着各自的众数粒径、搬运方式、沉积环境等特性。这些组分自细而粗可分为: 长期悬移粘土组分、离岸带悬移细粉砂组分、离岸带悬移中粗粉砂组分、近岸带悬移细砂组分、近岸带跃移中砂组分。近岸带环境两个组分的百分含量与现今湖泊水深呈负相关, 揭示出沉积岩芯近岸带组分与地质历史时期湖面状况相关联的数值模型。该模型在达里湖沉积岩芯中的应用显示, 近岸带组分百分含量增加与同岩芯孢粉序列重建的区域降水减少相对应。两种独立的代用指标在时间上的一致性, 不仅展示了对数正态分布函数分离多峰沉积物的有效性, 而且揭示出利用粒度组分-湖面状况模型重建湖泊古水文的潜力。     

改进的高精度匹配追踪方法研究及应用

本文在常规算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的匹配追踪方法.该方法通过引入新的完备库构建策略,并以雷克子波作为原子,利用原始地震数据最大相关性估计完备库的原子的位置和能量,使得分解精度进一步提高,极大地提高了算法的适应性;为避免原子间隔过小问题,引进了最小原子间距,使得分解效率和分解质量进一步提高.模型试算和实际资料应用表明,本文算法不仅提高了信号稀疏表示的质量,加快了收敛速度,而且算法的适应性和分解精度也得到提高;该方法能够较好地挖掘地震有效信息,提高地震解释精度.

     

Reanalysis of principal component analysis to resume past vegetation and environment

In the paper 11 pollen types were selected from the original pollen and spore records of 54 samples in Fenzhuang profile of Beijing region, then 54 × 11 matrix was set up. Based on the pollen data of Fenzhuang profile from the Late Pleistocene to the Early Holocene, the paper gives a further analysis to subdivide zone of the pollen assemblages and changes of paleovegetation and paleoenvironment in this area using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA can play an complementary role for subdividing zone, at the same time, it can eliminate the difference to subdivide zone of the pollen assemblages caused by artificial factors. Finally to the biodiversity in plant communities and complex geographical environment in Beijing region, using great dispersal of accumulative percent of total in PCA (for cumulative rate only 57% from the first three factors of PCA), may sufficiently correspond to the environmental characteristic, so as to recover past climate condition much better. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49571066, 39470132).     

Processes governing river water quality identified by principal component analysis

The present study demonstrates the usefulness of principal component analysis in condensing and interpreting multivariate time‐series of water quality data. In a case study the water quality system of the lock‐regulated part of the River Neckar (Germany) was analysed, with special emphasis on the oxygen budget. Pooled data of ten water quality parameters and discharge, which had been determined at six stations along a 200 km reach of the river between the years 1993 and 1998, were subjected to principal component analysis. The analysis yielded four stable principal components, explaining 72% of the total variance of the 11 parameters. The four components could be interpreted confidently in terms of underlying processes: biological activity, dilution by high discharge, seasonal effects and the influence of wastewater. From analysing the data of single stations separately, these processes were found to be active throughout the complete reach. Considering the oxygen budget of the river, the variance of biological activity, representing the counteracting processes of primary production and microbial degradation, was found to be most important. This principal component explained 79% of the observed variance of oxygen saturation. In contrast, the analysis of a reduced data set from the 1970s showed that oxygen saturation was then dominated by discharge and temperature variations. The findings indicate that the oxygen budget used to be governed directly by the emission of degradable matter, whereas nowadays eutrophication is most important for extreme oxygen concentrations. Therefore, controlling eutrophication has to be the primary goal, in order to mitigate the rare episodes of pronounced oxygen over‐ and undersaturation in the future. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

1INTRODUCTION Map generalization may be defined as a procedure that generatessmallerscalemapsfromlargerscaleonesusing variousappropriateoperations (e.g.selection,combina- tion, displacement, simplification, etc.) under definite conditions (includingmap scale, purpose, etc.). The au- tomation of the generalization process has been a dream of cartographers for decades. For it is an indispensable wayto construct map databases from large-scale maps to small-scale ones, which can decrease repet…     

Study of time-related variability within the genusAstarte (bivalvia): A multivariate approach

A morphometric analysis of two closely related species Astarte omaliiand Astarte basterotiwas made. Specimens were sampled from three successive stratigraphic levels of the Pliocene deposits of northern Belgium. Two chronological subspecies were distinguished—Astarte omalii omaliiand Astarte omalii basteroti.     

用GPS监测城市地面沉降的可行性研究

研究了用GPS观测取代常规水准测量方法监测城市地面沉降变化的可行性。在宁波市进行了两期GPS测量和水准测量，观测中并采取一定的措施以获得高精度的高程分量。顾及到对流层延迟的影响，采用Saastamcinen模型改正对流层延迟的干分量部分，用分段线性方法来估计对流层的湿分量变化。用Bernese软件对数据进行处理，获得了毫米级的高程精度。实际算例证明，用GPS测量代替水准测量来监测城市地面沉降变化是可行的。     

基于ComGIS的典型地物波谱特性数据库研究

典型地物波谱数据库是遥感定量分析和计算机智能提取地物类型的基础数据,是进行地物识别的重要参照系,可用于遥感技术应用项目的数据分析。本文介绍了典型地物波谱数据库系统软件设计的研究内容,包括系统结构的组织、系统环境的集成、功能设计,系统界面设计以及系统的关键技术分析等。