Age and significance of core complex formation in a very curved orogen: Evidence from fission track studies in the South Carpathians (Romania)

Twenty-four new zircon and apatite fission track ages from the Getic and Danubian nappes in the South Carpathians are discussed in the light of a compilation of published fission track data. A total of 101 fission track ages indicates that the Getic nappes are generally characterized by Cretaceous zircon and apatite fission track ages, indicating cooling to near-surface temperatures of these units immediately following Late Cretaceous orogeny.The age distribution of the Danubian nappes, presently outcropping in the Danubian window below the Getic nappes, depends on the position with respect to the Cerna-Jiu fault. Eocene and Oligocene zircon and apatite central ages from the part of the Danubian core complex situated southeast of this fault monitor mid-Tertiary tectonic exhumation in the footwall of the Getic detachment, while zircon fission track data from northwest of this fault indicate that slow cooling started during the Latest Cretaceous. The change from extension (Getic detachment) to strike-slip dominated tectonics along the curved Cerna-Jiu fault allowed for further exhumation on the concave side of this strike-slip fault, while exhumation ceased on the convex side. The available fission track data consistently indicate that the change to fast cooling associated with tectonic denudation by core complex formation did not occur before Late Eocene times, i.e. long after the cessation of Late Cretaceous thrusting.Core complex formation in the Danubian window is related to a larger-scale scenario that is characterized by the NNW-directed translation, followed by a 90° clockwise rotation of the Tisza-Dacia “block” due to roll-back of the Carpathian embayment. This led to a complex pattern of strain partitioning within the Tisza-Dacia “block” adjacent to the western tip of the rigid Moesian platform. Our results suggest that the invasion of these southernmost parts of Tisza-Dacia started before the Late Eocene, i.e. significantly before the onset of Miocene-age rollback and associated extension in the Pannonian basin.     

Prolonged postcollisional shoshonitic magmatism in the southern Svecofennian domain – a case study of the Åva granite–lamprophyre ring complex

The Åva ring complex is one of four Paleoproterozoic postcollisional shoshonitic ring complexes in southwestern Finland. It is composed of ring dykes of K-feldspar megacryst-bearing granite, mingled in places with a shoshonitic monzonite, and lamprophyre dykes crosscutting all the rocks in a radial pattern. A survey was undertaken to trace the magma chamber beneath the ring complex to date it and measure some intensive parameters to clarify the crystallisation conditions at depth before the granite was emplaced in the upper crust. Mineral separates were extracted from the core zones of K-feldspar megacrysts in the granite, heavy mineral fractions (including zircons) from these separates were used for P-T assessment and age determinations, and the results were compared to data obtained from bulk rock samples. It appears that magma differentiation took place in a midcrustal magma chamber (at 4 to 7 kbar) possibly 30 Ma before the emplacement of the ring complex in the upper crust (deep assemblage 1790 Ma, shallow assemblage 1760 Ma). Relatively high activity of the alkalies and a low oxygen fugacity characterised the midcrustal chamber. The juvenile Svecofennian crust was invaded by shoshonitic magmas from an enriched lithospheric mantle over a long period of time. Some of these magmas were stored and differentiated in the middle crust before transportation to the upper crust. The results also show that coarse-grained granites may provide evidence for several magmatic evolutionary episodes, e.g., differentiation and crystallisation in different environments prior to final emplacement.     

中国区域水资源系统韧性与效率的发展协调关系评价

在界定水资源系统韧性概念的基础上,综合应用赋权法、SBM-DEA模型及发展协调度模型对2000—2016年全国31个省区的区域水资源系统的效率、韧性以及两者之间的发展协调关系进行评价。结果如下:①中国区域水资源系统效率整体上处于非有效区,在研究期间呈现出在波动中上升的趋势。②中国区域水资源系统韧性的平均值为0.39,总体水平较低,研究期间整体上呈波动上升趋势。③中国区域水资源系统效率与韧性的发展度总体呈现平稳上升—较快上升—急剧下降—上升的趋势,呈倒"U"型发展;协调度在研究期间呈现波动中上升趋势,大部分省区的发展度较好,而协调度较弱。④2000—2016年,水资源效率与韧性的发展协调度一直维持着"东-中-西"阶梯式递减格局,失调省区的数量降低,初级协调、中级协调、良好协调省区的数量逐渐提升,整体向协调趋势发展;空间格局上呈现由2000年倒"E"型对称式分布格局向如今北部围绕天津、中部围绕上海、南部围绕广东的三级格局演变,格局分布与中国三大经济区基本吻合,可知中国水资源系统效率与韧性的发展协调水平与经济发展水平之间有明显的关系。     

高速铁路对东北城市网络结构的空间影响

借鉴复杂网络理论,以铁路列车时刻表为基础数据,探讨高速铁路的开通对东北地区铁路网络结构和城市网络结构的空间影响。结果表明:①高铁强化了东北地区铁路网络的小世界、无标度等网络特征,各网络节点在可达性和辐射能力方面受到4种不同形式的影响;②高铁强化了沈阳和哈尔滨的主-副双核心铁路网络结构,使得拓扑网络的离散程度大幅降低,长春、大连等城市的网络联系中心性显著提升;③铁路交通重心向西北方向偏移,区域间不平衡性增强,吉林省成为东北铁路客运联系强度最高的地区;④大连市拥有特殊的门户城市特征,即对外联通能力强,但未形成足够吸引力。     

低空无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的应用

智慧地铁的建设需要三维模型的支撑,运用倾斜摄影测量技术,结合三维可视化技术,为智慧地铁提供了三维数据支撑,推动了全生命周期智慧地铁建设的全面发展。本文旨在以雄安新区城市轨道交通R1线为研究区,对其沿线85 km进行了无人机航飞工作,通过数据处理获取了沿线三维实景模型,并对模型成果精度进行了详细对比。结果表明,此次倾斜摄影测量成果满足1∶500比例尺要求。此外,还对倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的相关应用进行了介绍,为城市轨道交通建设工作由二维向三维转变开拓了新的方向。     

利用InSAR数据的格尔木市地表沉降监测

InSAR及其相关技术在城市地面沉降监测中具有独特优势。本文采用2015年12月4日至2018年1月10日间的37景Sentinel-1卫星SAR影像数据,基于InSAR时间序列分析技术,对地处高原的格尔木市市区及其周边进行了地表形变监测。结果表明,基于相干性等指标共提取了252 889个相干点,每平方千米平均有501个相干点,后续经相干点分析计算后掩模去误差较大的点后,实际使用相干点252 035个;格尔木市及其周边郊区的整体沉降速率均在5 mm/a以内,未发现明显的沉降区域或大面积的沉降带,市区南部的沉降速率低于北部。     

塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩的白云石化及其储集意义

塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩灰岩发生了少量白云石化作用。白云石化主要发育在溶洞充填的钙质渗流粉砂,泥晶生物碎屑灰岩的泥晶基质,亮晶颗粒灰岩的钙藻屑、藻砂屑、藻泥屑等三种组构中。白云石化直接贡献了平均1%的孔隙度,同时产生的白云石晶间孔为进一步溶蚀提供了通道,对有效储层的形成起到了重要作用。高镁方解石生物是白云石化所需镁离子的重要来源。这套与生物白云石化相关的礁滩储层地质预测需要深入研究钙藻、海百合等生物的古生态、岩相环境及分布。     

风城碱性杂岩与有关含金刚石岩类对比的意义

迄今为止,对金刚石矿床的研究已取得了新的进展,国内外学音认为:“金伯利岩不是金刚石矿床的唯一母岩”,并且在碱性杂岩体中发现了许多具有工业价值的金刚石矿床。 通过对比辽宁凤城碱性杂岩与有关含金刚石矿床母岩(主要是钾镁煌斑岩)及其共生岩类的构造背景、岩石类型组合、矿物成分组合及岩石的主元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征,发现本区碱性杂岩体岩石与西澳钾镁煌斑岩很相似,尤其是与西澳白榴石钾镁煌斑岩最为接近,而在岩石类型和矿物组合特点上,又与美国阿肯色碱性岩区金刚石矿床母岩及其共生岩类组合颇为相似,这为我们进一步找寻金刚石矿床提供某些有益的信息。     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带内构造岩片划分及形成——以仲巴-桑桑段为例

构造岩片作为造山带中非史密斯地层地区的填图单位有其重要的地质意义,本文将雅鲁藏布江缝合带分为6大构造岩片,其中蛇绿混杂岩岩片又分4个次级岩片,进一步阐述了缝合带内不同单元具有不同岩性和不同构造型式,是一条复杂的构造带,并发现俯冲板块一侧的不同构造单元具有自南而北,由脆性变形到低温高压变质、脆-韧性变形,超基性岩的深层次韧性变形的分布规律,大多数岩片的分布是通过多重逆冲推覆型或走滑型的断层将其从地壳深部挤出定位的。雅鲁藏布江缝合带内的构造岩片特征,反映了冈瓦那大陆北缘自三叠纪末期到第四纪经历了裂陷、扩张、多岛洋、闭合、俯冲、碰撞、褶皱、推覆造山的全过程。     

姑婆山复式岩体的基本特征及其与成矿作用的关系

姑婆山复式岩体由晚侏罗世里松岩体、姑婆山岩体及早白垩世新路岩体组成。复式岩体为壳幔混合源成因。据岩石地球化学判断和分析,姑婆山岩体和新路岩体为含锡岩体;整个姑婆山复式岩体为含钨岩体,里松岩体和姑婆山岩体为含稀有、稀土岩体。上述矿产的形成与岩石中挥发份F、B及放射性U、T h等元素的高含量有关。