线状要素多尺度表达不确定性的综合分析与评价研究

空间数据的多尺度表达和GIS数据的精度分析及质量控制问题是当今地理信息科学和国际GIS界十分关注的两大前沿课题。本文首先确立线状要素多尺度表达的实现方式;然后紧紧围绕线状要素多尺度表达的实现流程,分析线状要素多尺度表达不确定性的来源,并利用误差传播规律建立线状要素多尺度表达误差传播规律;最后通过实验得出线状要素在尺度扩展中不确定性的变化规律。     

Defining the subject of speech - Constructions of authorship in post-unification German media discourse

This paper analyses how the authority of west German media workers to produce ‘truthful’ representations about unification and eastern Germany after 1989 was discursively constructed. Rather than simply assuming the superiority of western knowledge, I show that the right of western media producers to speak for and about east Germany had to be constructed and defended discursively on a number of registers. Western journalists, in particular, had to demonstrate their credibility towards west and east German audiences, evidence their ability to report objectively and authoritatively, and prove themselves superior in the production of knowledge. Their truth claims had to be negotiated in the midst of a range of competing discourses. The complicated constitution of audiences meant that western journalists had to cast themselves in various different roles to justify their position as ‘knowing subjects’: as explorers, surveyors, observers, commentators, mediators and/or educators. The paper explores, how the divergence between these different positions was reconciled through a number of discursive strategies. I highlight the ambivalences and internal contradictions produced within journalistic discourses as well as through the existence of differentiated audiences.     

智能化专题地图表示方法选择的研究

首先阐述了专题地图表示方法选择的知识,包括十种常用表示方法的描述、影响表示方法选择的因素、表示方法选择之间的配合原则,提出了选择专题地图表示方法的新规则,总结了表示方法间搭配的可能性;接着介绍了知识工程中知识模型的基本概念,在此基础上,建立了专题地图表示方法选择的知识模型并利用关系数据库的理论与方法对其进行了模拟;最后基于WebService开发了试验系统并举例说明了问题。     

低碳视角下城市空间形态紧凑度研究

全球气候变化背景下,构建功能紧凑的低碳城市空间形态已成为世界各地城市实现低碳化可持续发展的主要途径之一。但目前的城市形态研究主要集中在城市外部空间,缺乏对城市内部功能空间紧凑度的量化。从实现低碳城市的视角,提出了城市内部功能空间形态紧凑度的量化指标,用以探讨实现低碳城市的城市空间形态特征;以商业、医疗、教育和文化娱乐等4种重要服务设施布局为基础,构建了城市功能空间紧凑度指数,对不同规模、不同地理条件类型的8个案例城市进行定量研究,实证了城市内部“功能空间紧凑度”指标较城市外部“形态紧凑度”指标能够更好的反映城市形态的紧凑性内涵,适用于评价各类城市空间形态的低碳发展模式。     

Point Symbols: Investigating Principles and Originality in Cartographic Design

Abstract

This paper provides a summary of the proceedings and discussion at a conference entitled 'The Future History of Our Landscape', held in October 1992. This meeting explored the issues connected with the changing nature of the Ordnance Survey supply of spatial data, in particular its effect on the Copyright Libraries and their users. Technical and organisational matters concerned with the supply and use of digital data in the archival environment are considered.     

Numerical and functional representations of regional heat flow in South America

A summary of heat flow data acquired over recent years in several areas in the eastern (Brazil and Paraguay) and western (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador) parts of South American continent are presented. The improvements in the database have allowed numerical representations of heat flow for southeastern and central segments of the Precambrian fold belts in Brazil, Central Andean cordilleras in Chile and Bolivia, Southern Volcanic arc in Peru, Neuquén Province in southwestern Argentina, Chaco basin in Paraguay, Oriente basin in Ecuador and the system of pericratonic basins in north central Colombia. The maps reveal considerable variability in heat flow, not only between the main tectonic units but also within them. The intra-regional variations seem to originate mainly from complexities in local geologic structures while the inter-regional ones seem to point to action of deep-seated tectonic processes. The cordilleran regions are, in general, characterized by relatively high heat flow (>70 mW/m²), compared with the coastal regions to the west and the Pre-cordilleran basins to the east. In the eastern part of the continent, heat flow is low to normal (<60 mW/m²), the exceptions being the Mesozoic rift basins, areas of Cenozoic alkaline intrusions and some isolated belts of overthrust tectonics in the central parts of Brazil. There are indications that heat flow is high in the Patagonian Platform relative to that found in the Brazilian Platform.In addition, polynomial methods were employed for examining large-scale variations of heat flow over the continent. Specifically, a general-purpose least square solution was used to determine the coefficients of up to fourth order in latitude and longitude. Some of the large-scale trends seen in low order polynomial representations seem to be indicative of the nature of deep-seated heat transfer processes. The systematic increase in regional heat flow in the north-south direction is an example. It is considered as the consequence of thermal blanketing effect of the continental segment of the South American lithosphere. Trends seen in higher order polynomials seem to be associated with regional tectonic patterns and subduction-related magmatism. Prominent among these are east-west trending belts of low heat flow in northern Peru and in central Chile, as well as the high heat flow belts in northern Chile, Altiplano of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Limitations arising from low data density and uneven geographic distribution warrant higher degree polynomial representations.     

致密岩石介质中气体滑脱效应的研究进展

致密岩石介质中的气体渗流有别于液体渗流,其中滑脱效应是影响致密岩石介质中气体渗流规律的一个重要因素。通过分析国内外学者在气体滑脱效应方面的研究进展,总结了滑脱效应的产生机理和产生条件,认为气体分子在孔壁附近的运动状态是产生滑脱效应的根本原因。同时围绕孔隙气体压力、围压、含水饱和度、气体性质等因素对气体滑脱效应的影响及实质进行综合分析。分析结果对研究低渗透多孔介质中气体渗流规律和测定低渗气田开发中气体渗透率参数等方面具有较大的参考意义。      

A formal framework for the representation of stack-based terrains

This paper presents a formal framework for the representation of three-dimensional geospatial data and the definition of common geographic information system (GIS) spatial operations. We use the compact stack-based representation of terrains (SBRT) in order to model geological volumetric data, both at the surface and subsurface levels, thus preventing the large storage requirements of regular voxel models. The main contribution of this paper is fitting the SBRT into the geo-atom theory in a seamless way, providing it with a sound formal geographic foundation. In addition we have defined a set of common spatial operations on this representation using the tools provided by map algebra. More complex geoprocessing operations or geophysical simulations using the SBRT as representation can be implemented as a composition of these fundamental operations. Finally a data model and an implementation extending the coverage concept provided by the Geography Markup Language standard are suggested. Geoscientists and GIS professionals can take advantage of this model to exchange and reuse geoinformation within a well-specified framework.     

完备格上的表现定理及其应用

在完备格的条件下讨论了Ｌ集合套的性质,给出了表现定理,最后指出了表现定理在ＬＦ代数理论中的应用。