地学知识图谱的定义、内涵和表达方式的探讨

在地学图谱和地学信息图谱的基础上,本文提出了地学知识图谱的概念,并介绍了地学知识图谱的基本框架、特征和理论意义。地学知识图谱将地学知识以虚拟空间坐标的形式反映在地图上,用以展示地理对象特征空间分布,揭示出一些隐含的规律。它是对地理知识形式化的图形表达,具有语法和语义特征,因此,有可计算性。它的基本组成要素和结构由所表达的内容决定。地学知识图谱,不仅是一种知识表达和数据挖掘的手段,也是空间认知的一种方式和结果。     

基于新闻数据的新冠疫情事件下“全球-中国”国际关系变化分析方法

在新冠疫情的冲击下,国际关系错综复杂、瞬息万变,不稳定性不确定性剧增。全面及时地分析“全球-中国”国际关系变化特征,对于中国的外交发展规划具有重要的参考价值。复杂的国际关系可以分解为一系列事件单元,新闻数据中蕴含了时间、地点、人物、事物等关键信息,是构建事件的最直接、最全面的信息来源。本文以GDELT（Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone）新闻事件数据库为数据源,基于“全球-中国”的视角,利用2020年1—5月全球疫情相关新闻数据,研究新冠疫情事件背景下的国际关系的变化。本文首先以事件数量、事件强度值和事件被提及数作为关键变量,提出了国际关系的分类表达和计算模型,解决了国际关系表达模糊和难以计算的问题。然后从时空可视化角度展示疫情下国际关系的变化特征,并结合疫情期间的国际重要事件,进一步分析引起国际关系变化的原因。研究表明,采用本文方法能精确掌握新冠疫情下“全球—中国”国际关系的发展程度,发现“全球-中国”国际关系的变化规律和变化原因,具有重要的应用价值。本文的研究可以为大数据时代的国际关系研究提供一个新的视角,同时也为新闻数据的分析提供参考。     

重力数据误差对大地水准面模型建立的影响

基于Stokes理论建立的大地水准面模型,其精度受重力数据误差,即重力数据分辨率、精度以及积分范围的影响。针对这一问题,通过重力场谱特征分析,给出不同地形区域重力数据分辨率以及积分半径造成的大地水准面高频截断误差的量级大小,计算平均重力异常误差对大地水准面建模精度的影响。研究成果对不同地形区域cm级大地水准面模型的建立具有理论与指导意义。     

基于XML的网络专题地图集设计与实现

专题地图集是关于某一区域自然资源、社会经济、发展规划等方面的专题信息的地图图幅集合.将专题地图集在网络环境下进行发布,使专题地图信息服务于大众具有很强的现实意义.针对网络环境下的专题地图集存在结构组织不统一、地图表达不够美观、专题数据更新滞后等问题,引入网络动态专题地图集的概念,设计使用xml(Extended mar...     

Street‐based topological representations and analyses for predicting traffic flow in GIS

It is well received in the space syntax community that traffic flow is significantly correlated to a morphological property of streets, which are represented by axial lines, forming a so called axial map. The correlation co‐efficient (R ²) approaches 0.8 and even a higher value according to the space syntax literature. In this paper, we study the same issue using the Hong Kong street network and the Hong Kong Annual Average Daily Traffic datasets, and find surprisingly that street‐based topological representations (or street–street topologies) tend to be better representations than the axial map. In other words, vehicle flow is correlated to a morphological property of streets better than that of axial lines. Based on the finding, we suggest the street‐based topological representations as an alternative GIS representation, and the topological analyses as a new analytical means for geographic knowledge discovery.     

小波变换及其在影像表示中的应用和其方向选择性算法的改进

小波理论是研究多分辨率信号处理的理论,目前被公认为有前途的新理论。金字塔结构的影像处理、影像理解,现代GIS处理多比例尺的要求以及地形、场论中的逼近均需有关这一理论的支持。本文利用小波变换分解原始影像以实现影像的小波表示,并发展为任意方向的小波变换、逆变换,利用它检测航片中建筑物及其阴影的公共边缘。这种表示方式可为某些影像特征或识别目标提供较为经济的分辨率,该表示方式使影像中具有一定层次的结构更易于发现和利用。实验结果证明了此方法是有效的。     

Population synthesis of H ii galaxies

We study the stellar population of galaxies with active star formation, determining ages of the stellar components by means of spectral population synthesis of their absorption spectra. The data consist of optical spectra of 185 nearby ( z 0.075) emission-line galaxies . They are mostly H  ii galaxies, but we also include some starbursts and Seyfert 2s, for comparison purposes. They were grouped into 19 high signal-to-noise ratio template spectra, according to their continuum distribution, absorption- and emission-line characteristics. The templates were then synthesized with a star cluster spectral base.
The synthesis results indicate that H  ii galaxies are typically age-composite stellar systems, presenting important contributions from generations up to as old as 500 Myr. We detect a significant contribution of populations with ages older than 1 Gyr in two groups of H  ii galaxies. The age distributions of stellar populations among starbursts can vary considerably despite similarities in the emission-line spectra. In the case of Seyfert 2 groups we obtain important contributions from the old population, consistent with a bulge.
From the diversity of star formation histories, we conclude that typical H  ii galaxies in the local Universe are not systems presently forming their first stellar generation.     

“三调”中线状地物图斑化流程优化

第三次全国国土调查("三调")与第二次全国土地调查相比,需要将符合上图精度的线状图层地物全部进行图斑化表示,以图斑的形式存储在数据库中。实际作业过程中,为便于后续的数据统计分析,图斑化的单线要素需要在对应的线状地物图层的特定字段中标记"3",表示该线物要素已进行图斑化处理。上述过程在实际生产中工作量大、易误操作。针对所述问题,在对数据进行对比分析后,提出了程序化解决方案,能够大幅度提高处理效率和数据质量。     

西安咸阳一体化进程中城市扩张及驱动力研究

本文以RS和GIS技术为支撑,以西咸一体化进程为研究对象,基于多时相TM/ETM+及相关统计数据,采用监督分类和归一化裸露指数(NDBI)等方法提取西安、咸阳两市的城市空间特征信息,结合地学统计方法,定量研究了城市扩张强度、紧凑度等指标,并探讨了影响西咸一体化进程的因子.得出:西咸一体化政策的出台是主导西咸两市对向不断...     

Scientific attributes and expression methods of geographical boundary

A scientific delineation of geographical boundaries reflects the cognitive level of scientific abstraction and systematic analysis of the spatial variation of geographical objects and is a basic scientific issue of geography. From the perspective of earth system science, this study first explicates the core issues (e.g., basic concepts, scientific contents, and basic properties) of geographical boundaries. Based on the principles of scientificity and systematicness, we then classify geographical boundaries in terms of intrinsic mechanisms, extrinsic appearance and scientific attributes. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the mathematical connotation and representation methods of geographical boundaries, discusses the characteristics of and differences between traditional and modern methods for geographical boundary delineation. Finally, we present a framework for a “geographical boundary model” with an integration of qualitative, quantitative, and positioning methods. Focusing on geographical boundary (a basic theoretical problem in geography), this study engaged in concept definition and method analysis, with the findings enriching the theory and methodology of geographical information science.