用于速度图象重建的层析成象法

本文提出了一种用于速度图象重建的层析成象法。特别注意到地震学上的ST与医学上的CT的不尽相同之处,并处理了由此引起的困难。与速度图象重建有关的正问题的分析表明,不同频率范围的资料其分辨能力是不同的,因此,区域地震与远震资料的解释应予注意。本文有关速度图象重建的讨论不仅涉及到与成象方法有关的反演理论和方法,还给出了进行数值计算的内存量和运算量的分析。关于重建图象的质量评价,还给出了反演解的可靠性分析,为分辨特性的描述提供了一种既简便又形象直观的方案。 本文的方法与现行主要方法的比较表明:1.本文的方法允许存在速度间断面,有利于揭示不同构造区域的地壳厚度的差异;2.在常用的方法中,作为正问题假定的常速度块同反演结果解释时非常速度块之间不协调。由于我们把给定网格点的速度值的插值函数作为速度的空间函数,这一困难已被解决;3.相对于Aki等的一般方法,本文的内存量节省约一个量级、运算量减少约一半;4.相对于ART类方法本身不能给出成象结果的可靠性分析,本文的方法则具有显著的优点。 作者在分析了天然地震资料的状况之后相信,对充分利用我国地震台网的现有观测资料,本文的方法是有效的。     

非线性地震道的混沌反演——Ⅱ.关于Lyapunov指数和吸引子

在本文上篇《非线性地震道的混沌反演——1.理论和数值试验》中讨论了非线性反问题逐次线性化方法及迭代过程的系统特性、递推法和广义线性反演法输出波阻抗序列的特征。本篇参照混沌理论中关于Lyapunov指数、相空间和吸引子的概念,深入研究逐次线性化迭代的状态变化的阶段性及其定量描述.当引用相空间描述系统的演化时,对于随迭代变化的阻尼因子可以发现几种吸引子.最后,总结了非线性地震混沌反演的要点,指出非线性反演迭代的复杂阶段性要川混沌理论来描述,而Lyapunov指数等才是控制迭代过程的实质性参数.     

Least squares parameter estimation in chaotic differential equations

A recent least squares algorithm, which is designed to adapt implicit models to given sets of data, especially models given by differential equations or dynamical systems, is reviewed and used to fit the Hénon-Heiles differential equations to chaotic data sets.This numerical approach for estimating parameters in differential equation models, called theboundary value problem approach, is based on discretizing the differential equations like a boundary value problem,e.g. by a multiple shooting or collocation method, and solving the resulting constrained least squares problem with a structure exploiting generalized Gauss-Newton-Method (Bock, 1981).Dynamical systems like the Hénon-Heiles system which can have initial values and parameters that lead to positive Lyapunov exponents or phase space filling Poincaré maps give rise to chaotic time series. Various scenarios representing ideal and noisy data generated from the Hénon-Heiles system in the chaotic region are analyzedw.r.t. initial conditions, parameters and Lyapunov exponents. The original initial conditions and parameters are recovered with a given accuracy. The Lyapunov spectrum is then computed directly from the identified differential equations and compared to the spectrum of the true dynamics.presently at IWR, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany     

四川眉山主要岩土工程问题及对策

阐述了眉山市在城市工程建设中普遍存在的软弱地基、砂土液化、基坑开挖与支护和基坑降(排)水等岩土工程问题，并对这些问题提出了看法和防治对策。     

工程勘察测试数据分析处理过程

针对岩土的工程特性的不确定性分析原因，提出解决土的指标不确定性的处理步骤，论述计算模式不确定性的处理办法，最后通过具体工程实例，演示整个分析处理过程，证明方法的可靠性和科学性。     

地球化学调查样品测试异常值抽查方法的优化

分析了目前常用的地球化学调查样品测试中异常抽查的几种方法的优缺点，提出和论证了抽查方法的优化途径和合理性以及一些应注意的问题。     

3-D rheologic model of earthquake preparation (Ⅱ):Strain field and its applications

On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic inclusion model, the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain field is derived, i.e., the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in x-axis, y-axis and z-axis produced by three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model, namely the normal strains εxx(r, t), εyy(r, t) and εzz(r, t), the shear strains εxy(r, t) and εyx(r, t), εyz(r, t)and εzy(r, t), εxz(r, t) and εzx(r, t), and the bulk-strain θ (r, t). By computing the spatial-temporal variation of bulk strain on the ground produced by a spherical rheologic inclusion in a semi-infinite rheologic medium, we obtained some significant results that the bulk-strain variation with time produced by a hard inclusion has three stages (α, β,γ) with different characteristics, which are similar to those of most geodetic deformation curves, but not the case for those by a soft inclusion. It is meaningful that these theoretical results have been applied to explain preliminarily the characteristics of stage variation of spatial-temporal evolution, the pattern and quadrant distribution of earthquake precursors, the changeability, spontaneity and complexity of short-term and imminent-term precursors. It offers a theoretical base to found the physical model of earthquake precursors and a reference to predict physically the earthquakes.     

Inversion of dynamic production data for permeability: fast streamline-based computation of sensitivity coefficients of fractional flow rate

Generation of permeability field in a reservoir model that matchs historical dynamic production data requires an inverse calculation. A gradient method is typically used to solve the inverse minimization problem and requires sensitivity coefficients of reservoir responses, e.g. fractional flow rate or pressure, with respect to the change in the permeability. This paper presents a novel semi-analytical streamline-based method for computing such sensitivity coefficients under the framework of two-phase (oil-water) flow conditions. This method is shown to be significantly faster and generate permeability fields with lower objective function than the traditional perturbation method. The method decomposes the multiple-dimensional full flow problem into multiple 1D problems along streamlines. The sensitivity of fractional flow rate at the production well is directly related to the sensitivity of time-of-flight (TOF) along each individual streamline and the sensitivity of pressure at grid cells along the streamline. The sensitivity of TOF of a streamline can be obtained analytically. The sensitivity of pressure is obtained as part of a fast single phase flow simulation. The proposed method is implemented in a geostatistically based inverse technique, called the sequential self-calibration (SSC) method. Results for fractional flow rate sensitivities are presented and compared with the traditional perturbation method. This new method can be easily extended to compute sensitivity coefficients of saturation (concentration) data.     

Optimum seismic zoning for multiple types of structures

We consider zoning for the design criterion that minimizes the expected present value of the total cost, including the initial cost as well as losses due to damage and failure. The problem consists of the following: given the number of zones, their boundaries and design coefficients must be such that they minimize the expected present value of all structures built in the region. We will refer to solutions in one or more dimensions, depending on the number of the types of structures built in the region to be zoned. Two methods are proposed to solve the problems. The first method is based on the different combinations performed in order to attain optimum zoning. The second method uses an analogy to the evolution of biological systems. The work ends by applying the methods developed to a region of known seismicity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优

复杂地形，特别是山地条件下地震勘探中的大静校正问题是 一个非线性的、具有多参数多极值的全局优化难题. 本文综合利用最大能量法、模拟退火与 遗传算法的各自优势，提出一种具有局部收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强的综合寻优反演方法 . 其中对产生伪静校正量的零空间现象进行空间平滑滤波剔除. 理论数值计算及实际资料的 处理说明本方法适应能力强、静校正效果较好.