Delaunay方法的改进及其在地下水污染监测网设计中的应用

地下水污染监测网的设计包括取样点在空间上的采样位置和时间上的取样频率这两方面的确定,其目的是为了准确刻画污染羽在含水层中随时间的变化状况。介绍了一种新的基于Delaunay三角形剖分方法用于地下水污染监测网在空间上的去冗余设计。同时,针对Delaunay方法没有考虑含水层参数变化和不能新增必要监测点的缺陷,提出了改进措施。改进的Delaunay方法可以直接与污染物的运移模型耦合,通过获取的含水层参数能够比较好地检验监测网在空间上的去冗余设计效果。实例研究表明,该方法在保证监测精度的基础上,能够找到最优的空间取样位置点,同时与改进前相比,利用该方法得到的地下水污染监测网能更加客观地反映污染物在含水层中的空间分布特征。     

GPFS文件系统原理和模式IO优化方法

GPFS(通用并行文件系统)普遍应用于IBM大规模集群系统中,能够为并行应用程序提供高性能的I/O存取访问。该文介绍了GPFS的原理和工作机制,并以安装在国家气象信息中心的IBM高性能计算机系统为试验平台,初步测试了在实际环境中GPFS的应用情况,在应用程序中对文件访问进行性能优化的方式有2种:①由主任务负责全部文件访问,②通过MPI-IO在GPFS中实现并行文件访问。测试结果表明,GPFS可以提供很好的文件访问支持,但要想获得较高的性能,需要在应用程序中进行深入调试。     

Stochastic management of pump-and-treat strategies using surrogate functions

Typical pump-and-treat (PAT) optimization problems involve design of pumping schemes, while minimizing cost and meeting a set of constraints. Due to scarcity of information about the hydrogeological system, stochastic modeling approaches can be used to assess tradeoffs between optimality and reliability. Using a stochastic approach, the constrained, single-objective problem may be turned into a multiobjective problem by substituting constraint inequalities with an additional objective function (OF) that accounts for the reliability of the PAT process. In this work, two approaches are analyzed: in one case, the additional OF consists of the probability of failure of a given remediation policy; in another, the OF additional is represented by the recourse, namely the penalty cost induced by the violation of constraints. In order to overcome the overwhelming computational cost required by stochastic simulation, surrogate forms of the OFs are introduced. In the test case under investigation, such functions are estimated by a kriging interpolation of the OF over a series of data points obtained from stochastic simulations of flow and transport, and calibrated against stochastic optimization solutions. The analysis of the two approaches for addressing the tradeoff of cost vs. reliability indicates that recourse accounts not only for the frequency of constraint violations, as the probability of failure does, but also for the intensity with which these occur. Ultimately, the recourse method allows considering less restrictive policies, although these may be highly sensitive to the choice of penalty functions.     

多父体杂交演化算法求解约束优化问题

提出了一种求解约束函数优化问题的新算法。设计了3种新的多父体杂交算子。这3种算子都使用了统计信息来决定搜索方向，使算法具有较高的收敛速度，同时又具有互补的特性，使得种群在演化过程中能保持较好的多样性，不容易陷入局部最优。对常见测试函数的数值实验证实了新方法的有效性、通用性和稳健性，其性能优于现有的一些演化算法。     

线与面之间基本拓扑关系类型在抽象过程中的等价转换

以空间拓扑关系组合推理所描述的线与面之间的拓扑关系为基础，研究了抽象过程中基本拓扑关系类型等价转换所涉及的问题；提出了成分抽象的等价转换方法，并将其运用于线与面之间基本拓扑关系类型的抽象过程中；绘制了线与面之间基本拓扑关系类型的等价转换图。     

多卫星区域观测任务的侧摆方案优化方法研究

提出了多颗成像卫星对某一区域目标进行观测的侧摆方案优化方法。该方法主要包括调度预处理与优化两个步骤。在调度预处理阶段，集成STK软件解决了航天观测中时间窗口难以量化计算等问题；在优化阶段，建立数学优化模型，并基于遗传算法实现了模型的求解。     

500 m口径球面大射电望远镜台址BP神经网络优选

从贵州众多的喀斯特洼地中优选出适宜的大射电望远镜候选台址是一个复杂的系统分析过程,需综合考虑洼地几何条件、工程条件、地质条件、气象条件和无线电波环境等因素.由于各因素具有复杂性、模糊性和难以量化等特点,因此在洼地评价和台址优选中采用最能有效反映各评价指标复杂关系的多层人工神经网络BP模型,并以最小挖填方率来量化洼地拟合望远镜球冠时土石方工程量、以洼地最适宜口径来量化大射电望远镜口径规模.优选结果表明,在集中分布于黔南和黔西南的82个喀斯特洼地中,评价等级为"较好"的有30个,"好"的有6个.优选出的36个洼地均具备作为望远镜候选台址的条件,且集中分布于以下三大区域内:①以平塘、紫云、惠水、罗甸、荔波为中心的区域;②以普定、安顺、镇宁为中心的区域;③以安龙、兴义和关岭为中心的区域.     

北京地区地基验槽常见工程地质问题及其处理

通过建筑地基验槽实践,介绍了北京地区建筑地基开挖后常见的工程地质问题及其处理,为地基验槽提供借鉴。     

Ptolemaic Transformation in Keplerian Problem

We propose the Ptolemaic transformation: a canonical change of variables reducing the Keplerian motion to the form of a perturbed Hamiltonian problem. As a solution of the unperturbed case, the Ptolemaic variables define an intermediary orbit, accurate up to the first power of eccentricity, like in the kinematic model of Claudius Ptolemy. In order to normalize the perturbed Hamiltonian we modify the recurrent Lie series algorithm of HoriuuMersman. The modified algorithm accounts for the loss of a term's order during the evaluation of a Poisson bracket, and thus can be also applied in resonance problems. The normalized Hamiltonian consists of a single Keplerian term; the mean Ptolemaic variables occur to be trivial, linear functions of the Delaunay actions and angles. The generator of the transformation may serve to expand various functions in Poisson series of eccentricity and mean anomaly.