欧泊的变彩效应及成因模式探讨

通过对欧泊样品 的常规物化特性分析、物质成分测试以及显微结构观察,验证了“欧泊中大小相似的ＳｉＯ２球粒紧密排列形成光栅,使光发生衍射而产生变彩”这一成因机理,研究了ＳｉＯ２球粒的结晶度、球粒大小以及排列方式与变彩的关系,及色斑的成因,进一步探讨了古风化壳中欧泊的成因模式以及该模式与欧泊显 内在关联。并进而提出在鉴定欧泊过程中需要注意的若干问题,纠正了欧泊（尤其是高档品）保养方法上一些传统看法和谬误     

Bio-Optical Relationship of Case I Waters: The Difference between the Low- and Mid-Latitude Waters and the Southern Ocean

Both historic and currently operational chlorophyll algorithms of the satellite-borne ocean color sensors, such as SeaWiFS, were evaluated for in situ spectral radiation and chlorophyll data in some Case I waters, including the waters in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration of the data set (n = 73) ranged from 0.04 to 1.01 mg m^–3. The algorithms had higher accuracy for the low- and mid-latitude waters (RMSE: 0.163–0.253), specifically the most recently developed algorithms of OCTS and Sea WiFS showed 0.163 and 0.170 of Root Mean Square Errors, respectively. However, these algorithms had large errors (0.422–0.621) for the Southern Ocean data set and underestimated the surface chlorophyll by more than a factor of 2.6. The absorption coefficients in the blue spectral region retrieved from remote sensing reflectance varied in a nonlinear manner with chlorophyll a concentration, and the value in the Southern Ocean was significantly lower than that in the low- and mid-latitude waters for each chlorophyll a concentration. The underestimation of chlorophyll a concentration in the Southern Ocean with these algorithms was caused by the lower specific absorption coefficient in the region compared with the low- and mid-latitude waters under the same chlorophyll a concentration.     

闪锌矿的Cd含量与颜色关系

过去人们普遍认为黑色闪锌矿贫镉,浅色闪锌矿富镉。笔者统计了国内外74个矿床,385个Cd含量数据。其中33个矿床有不同颜色闪锌矿的Cd含量数据37组。闪锌矿从黑色到浅色,Cd含量依次降低的有15矿床,17组数据,占统计矿床的44.1%,数据组的48.6%;Cd含量逐渐增加有14个矿床,14组数据,分别占统计矿床的45.5%,数据组的38.9%;Cd含量先降后升,黑色闪锌矿含量最高的有2个矿床,2组数据,分别占统计矿床的6.1%,数据组的5.7%;Cd含量先减后增,浅色闪锌矿含量最高和先升后降,褐色闪锌矿含量最高的各有一个矿床,一组数据,分别各占统计矿床的3.0%,占数据组的2.9%。由此看来,黑色闪锌矿与浅色闪锌矿的Cd含量无明显差异,说明闪锌矿的Cd含量与其颜色无明显关系。     

基于颜色显示快速估算页岩有机碳含量的新方法

有机碳含量(TOC)是页岩气储层评价的关键参数之一,它既是页岩生气的物质基础,也是页岩吸附气的重要载体。以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组页岩系统为例,根据不同的颜色显示划分出4种岩性:黑色煤、灰黑色页岩、灰色页岩、灰白色粉砂岩,赋予这4种岩性不同的颜色显示值,计算页岩系统的总颜色评价值(TCA),拟合页岩系统中TCA和实测TOC之间的关系,依据TCA估算页岩系统的TOC。研究发现,当页岩系统中4种岩性的颜色显示值为等比数列(1、2、4、8)时,TCA和实测TOC相关系数(R2)高,且以指数拟合和三次方拟合的相关系数(R2)最高;页岩系统中TCA的对数和实测TOC的对数呈现良好的正相关性,根据页岩中TCA估算的TOC和实测TOC十分接近。因此,在室外工作中可以利用该方法快速估算页岩系统的TOC,从而为页岩气目标层段的优选提供参考依据。     

Hydroelastic Response of A Circular Plate in Waves on A Two-Layer Fluid of Finite Depth

The hydroelastic response of a circular, very large floating structure (VLFS), idealized as a floating circular elastic thin plate, is investigated for the case of time-harmonic incident waves of the surface and interfacial wave modes, of a given wave frequency, on a two-layer fluid of finite and constant depth. In linear potential-flow theory, with the aid of angular eigenfunction expansions, the diffraction potentials can be expressed by the Bessel functions. A system of simultaneous equations is derived by matching the velocity and the pressure between the open-water and the plate-covered regions, while incorporating the edge conditions of the plate. Then the complex nested series are simplified by utilizing the orthogonality of the vertical eigenfunctions in the open-water region. Numerical computations are presented to investigate the effects of different physical quantities, such as the thickness of the plate, Young’s modulus, the ratios of the densities and of the layer depths, on the dispersion relations of the flexural-gravity waves for the two-layer fluid. Rapid convergence of the method is observed, but is slower at higher wave frequency. At high frequency, it is found that there is some energy transferred from the interfacial mode to the surface mode.     

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灾害保障图可视化表达规律探究

探讨了灾害保障图的研究现状,基于"区域灾害系统"理论,给出了灾害保障图较为翔实的定义和分类,并着重从表达内容、表示方法、表现形式和符号设计方面对其可视化表达规律进行了探究。     

地图数字打样完全取代传统打样关键技术研究

目前在国内地图生产领域,地图数字打样仍然不能完全取代传统打样.为了解决这个问题,本文立足国内现有的地图数字打样条件,有针对性地提出了一套可行、有效的解决方案,并重点就某些关键技术展开了深入研究,提出的解决方案以及取得的研究成果已在具体实践中得到验证,基本上达到了地图数字打样完全取代传统打样的目的.     

基于嘴唇色度Fisher分类的驾驶疲劳视觉检测

为提高驾驶疲劳检测的准确率和可靠性,利用唇色和肤色的色度分布差异,挑选3个典型颜色特征构建Fisher分类器用于提取唇色区域.采用区域连通算法对二值唇色区域进行滤波处理,运用改进积分投影算法确定嘴唇边界,根据嘴巴开合度及打呵欠频率判断驾驶员是否疲劳.实验结果表明:基于3个颜色特征构建的Fisher分类器在唇色提取效果上明显优于单一颜色特征的提取效果;改进的积分投影算法能提高嘴唇边界定位的精度和速度;基于打呵欠频率的驾驶疲劳检测方法具有更优的检测准确率和可靠性.融合多个典型颜色特征可改善唇色提取的鲁棒性和可靠性,有助于驾驶疲劳检测效果的提高.     

阴极发光在翡翠研究中的应用

通过对多个翡翠及其他玉石标本进行阴极发光实验,观察不同品种的翡翠、处理翡翠制品以及翡翠的相似玉石品种在阴极发光镜下的荧光颜色、发光强度、环带特点、颗粒形态和裂隙状况等的不同特征,来有效鉴别翡翠、处理翡翠及翡翠的相似品。同时依据不同类型翡翠在阴极发光下的特征,对翡翠的品质、颜色等的划分提供依据。