对近年大震震害现象与工程地震问题研究的思考

近年来的几次大地震给人们瘤上了一些值得进一步思考的地震现象，这些现象给工程地震问题研究的发展以启示，也为工程地震问题研究的发展提供了条件，文中粗略地分析了这些地震现象所揭示的工程地震问题，对工程地震中一些问题的研究与发展提出了看法，这些问题包括近源地震动的估计、场地效应及断层效应、地震地面永久变形、地震动衰减关系、地震影响场等。     

改进野外流动地磁测点定位标记的研究

野外流动地磁测量的实践及国内外大量的研究成果表明，地磁有可能成为地震预报的重要手段之一。然而，地磁资料的连续性、完整性、准确性和可靠性还存在着一定的问题，为此，我们对目前流磁测点的定位标记现状进行了全面的剖析和研究。结果表明：流磁如果没有严格的定位标记，则给测量资料带来严重的不良后果。为了保持野外流动地磁测点的准确性，改进目前测点的定位标记方法已势在必行。本文提出了具体实施方案，包括：自设定位标记；建立石碑；增设副桩（副点）C；选好辅助定位标记等改进措施。     

Estimation on site-amplification from different methods using strong motion data obtained in Tangshan, China

Introduction It has been known that each soil type responds differently when it is subjected to ground mo-tion from earthquakes. So, the study of local site effects on seismic ground motions is one of the most important goals of earthquake engineering. It is practical importance to develop methods for assessing the nature and potential of sediment amplification, especially when choosing the location and design of critical and essential facilities. At present, however, the method by which site …     

Consistency of dynamic site response at Port Island

System identification (SI) methods are used to determine empirical Green's functions (EGF) for soil intervals at the Port Island Site in Kobe, Japan and in shake table model tests performed by the Port and Harbor Research Institute (PHRI) to emulate the site during the 17 January 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu earthquake. The model form for the EGFs is a parametric auto‐regressive moving average (ARMA) model mapping the ground motions recorded at the base of a soil interval to the top of that interval, hence capturing the effect of the soil on the through‐passing wave. The consistency of site response at Port Island before, during, and after the mainshock is examined by application of small motion foreshock EGFs to incoming ground motions over these time intervals. The prediction errors (or misfits) for the foreshocks, the mainshock, and the aftershocks, are assessed to determine the extent of altered soil response as a result of liquefaction of the ground during the mainshock. In addition, the consistency of soil response between field and model test is verified by application of EGFs calculated from the shake table test to the 17 January input data. The prediction error is then used to assess the consistency of behaviour between the two cases. By using EGFs developed for small‐amplitude foreshock ground motions, ground motions were predicted for all intervals of the vertical array except those that liquefied with small error. Analysis of the post‐liquefied ground conditions implies that the site response gradually returns to a pre‐earthquake state. Site behaviour is found to be consistent between foreshocks and the mainshock for the native ground (below 16 m in the field) with a normalized mean square error (NMSE) of 0.080 and a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.5g. When the soil actually liquefies (change of state), recursive models are needed to track the variable soil behaviour for the remainder of the shaking. The recursive models are shown to demonstrate consistency between the shake table tests and the field with a NMSE of 0.102 for the 16 m to surface interval that liquefied. The aftershock ground response was not modelled well with the foreshock EGF immediately after the mainshock (NMSE ranging from 0.37 to 0.92). One month after the mainshock, the prediction error from the foreshock modeled was back to the foreshock error level. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.     

多年冻土地区路基设计原则及其应用

多年冻土地区路基设计原则是指导该地区公路，铁路建设的重要依据，过去沿用的其它行业多年冻土地基设计原则的划分方法，出现了许多问题，根据道路建设线性工程的特点，结合多年冻土特性，提出了路基区段设计原则和场地设计原则，并对影响因素进行了分析，应用文中提出 的路基设计原则，对青藏公路多年冻土路基进行了区段划分，其成果可用于工程设计。     

X射线荧光光谱快速分析铝土矿的方法研究

使用日本理学3070型X射线荧光光谱仪,采用粉末直接压片和经验系数校正基体效应的方法,在矿山实验室实现了铝土矿样品中Al     

巴东长江大桥地质环境与岩土工程问题研究

巴东长江大桥是连接209国道的特大型公路大桥，地处长江三峡地质条件最复杂的地区，桥位区滑坡崩塌较发育。为确保大桥安全稳定并为设计提供科学依据，采用结构面网络模拟技术进行了岩体结构模拟，应用弹塑性有限元法及块体极限平衡法，对桥位存在的桥台斜坡和桥墩基础地基稳定性等岩土工程问题进行了系统的分析论述。同时，对断裂破碎岩体及风化岩体、滑坡对大桥的影响进行了分析。在此基础上提出了桥墩基础形式、桩基深度、持力层及承载力和桥台斜坡治理的建议。     

Derivation of design soil coefficients (S) and response spectral shapes for Eurocode 8 using the European Strong-Motion Database

A revision is presently under way to upgrade the status of the `Designrecommendations for earthquake resistance of structures', commonlyreferred to as Eurocode 8 (or EC8). In order to improve the definition ofthe design elastic response spectra (ERS) as defined in the Eurocode 8 –Part 1 (Draft May 2001), the values of the soil amplification factors havebeen calculated for sites on sedimentary soils, both stiff (category B) andsoft (category C), with respect to rock sites (category A), such ascontemplated in EC8. The work was performed by a systematic study ofresponse spectra as a function of magnitude and site conditions, usingrecords from the European Strong-Motion Database.The results confirm the occurrence of systematic spectral amplification onsedimentary soils with respect to reference rock in a large set of Europeanstrong motion data. Such amplification has been quantified through ameasure derived from the Housner Spectrum Intensity definition.The values of the soil coefficients recommended in the current version ofEC 8 are shown to be realistic for category C, in the case of a moderateseismicity context. However the values for subsoil class B need to besignificantly increased both for the moderate and high seismicity context.     

开山石填海挤淤区非均匀软弱地基的治理

对开山石填海挤淤形成的非均匀软弱地基进行处理时，由于工程性质很差、厚度较大、沉降固结历时较长且数值较大的淤泥层位于开山石回填层之下，地基处理比较困难。本文介绍了一个经济、合理的地基处理方法，对沿海地区大量存在的同类工程具有参考价值。     

Prioritizing conservation potential of arid-land montane natural springs and associated riparian areas

Using inventory data and input from natural resource professionals, we developed a classification system that categorizes conservation potential for montane natural springs. This system contains 18 classes based on the presence of a riparian patch, wetland species, surface water, and evidence of human activity. We measured physical and biological components of 276 montane springs in the Oscura Mountains above 1450 m and the San Andres Mountains above 1300 m in southern New Mexico. Two of the 18 classes were not represented during the inventory, indicating the system applies to conditions beyond the montane springs in our study area. The class type observed most often (73 springs) had a riparian patch, perennial surface water, and human evidence. We assessed our system in relation to 13 other wetland and riparian classification systems regarding approach, area of applicability, intended users, validation, ease of use, and examination of system response. Our classification can be used to rapidly assess priority of conservation potential for isolated riparian sites, especially springs, in arid landscapes. We recommend (1) including this classification in conservation planning, (2) removing deleterious structures from high-priority sites, and (3) assessing efficiency and use of this classification scheme elsewhere.