利用地形变观测量求解地壳水平应变场的方法

在前人工作基础上,初步研究建立了利用多种地形变资料联合求解地壳应变连续分布的方法途径和数学模型。包括利用多种地形变观测资料整体解算测区分单元的应变张量的最小二乘平差模型,以及借助最小二乘配置进行应变空间连续分布估计的方法,并给出了对临潼水平形变网监测资料的试算结果。     

Determination of Postglacial Land Uplift in Fennoscandia from Leveling, Tide-gauges and Continuous GPS Stations using Least Squares Collocation

Precise leveling, tide-gauge recordings and time series from continuous GPS stations are all sources of information about the ongoing postglacial land uplift in Fennoscandia. This article describes how to gather these three sources of data together in a least-squares collocation adjustment in order to calculate uplift rates, as well as new heights for the benchmarks in the leveling network. The estimated reliability of the resulting uplift model is in general better than 0.4 mm/year, decreasing in areas of fewer data.A smoother and extended version of the land uplift model described here is used in the adjustment of the new height system in Sweden (RH 2000) under the name RH 2000 LU. Later on, the name was changed to NKG2005LU. The Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) has decided to use the same model when they calculate their new height system, N2000.     

借助最小二乘配置整体解算地壳视应变场

研究利用多手段（ＧＰＳ、跨断层等）形变资料,结合定点应变数据解算地壳视应变场的方法,包括利用间接平差法求单元内部的均匀视应变及借助最小二乘配置求水平视应变连续分布。对华北地区ＧＰＳ监测网１９９２年、１９９５年和１９９６年３期成果进行计算分析,得到其视应变场动态图像。     

On the colocation iterative solution model and algorithm for gravity anomaly

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最小二乘插值与拟合推估

简述了最小二乘插值法的原理及解算过程 ,逐步引入最小二乘纯推估的概念 ,讨论了滤波与推估的结合 ,进而导出了最小二乘拟合推估的一般模型 ,得出了“最小二乘插值是拟合推估的特殊情况”的结论 ,对最小二乘拟合推估的解析性进行了简要的讨论     

Merging of Airborne Gravity and Gravity Derived from Satellite Altimetry: Test Cases Along the Coast of Greenland

The National Survey and Cadastre - Denmark (KMS) has for several years produced gravity anomaly maps over the oceans derived from satellite altimetry. During the last four years, KMS has also conducted airborne gravity surveys along the coast of Greenland dedicated to complement the existing onshore gravity coverage and fill in new data in the very-near coastal area, where altimetry data may contain gross errors. The airborne surveys extend from the coastline to approximately 100 km offshore, along 6000 km of coastline. An adequate merging of these different data sources is important for the use of gravity data especially, when computing geoid models in coastal regions.The presence of reliable marine gravity data for independent control offers an opportunity to study procedures for the merging of airborne and satellite data around Greenland. Two different merging techniques, both based on collocation, are investigated in this paper. Collocation offers a way of combining the individual airborne gravity observation with either the residual geoid observations derived from satellite altimetry or with gravity derived from these data using the inverse Stokes method implemented by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).     

关于水资源规划中水资源量与生态用水量的探讨

由于人们对水资源量计算过程了解不够，常导致水资源量配置计算出现概念上错误，特别是现代水资源规划考虑生态用水的需要，在对待水资源量与生态用水量的关系上存在错误认识。本文从水资源量的一般概念分析出发，从确切的水资源量计算与分析上说明水资源量的组成、转化关系以及生态用水的概念及计算方法，并强调介绍水资源配置中如何考虑生态用水问题。为全国新一轮水资源综合规划工作提供支持。     

配置法在卫星轨道积分中的应用

介绍了配置法的基本原理和计算方法,探讨了其在卫星轨道积分中的应用。分析了不同的积分步长与方法阶数对积分精度的影响,并确定了适宜的积分步长与方法阶数(与Bernese软件的缺省值一致)。此外,通过与用传统数值积分方法设计的联合积分器计算结果进行比较,得出了配置法的一些优点:可以取较大的积分步长;配置法直接给出的是各个积分区间的多项式系数,用户无需进行内插和拟合即可方便地得到任意时刻的卫星位置和速度。     

自适应多尺度第二代小波配点法探地雷达数值模拟

基于第二代小波变换的提升方案构造了插值小波,将雷达波场函数进行了二维小波变换,得到所有尺度上与计算网格相联系的小波系数和尺度系数.对所有尺度上的小波系数进行分析,根据解的局部性与小波系数阈值的控制,实现网格压缩和配点的自适应调节.保留大于给定阈值的小波系数及对应网格点,令小于给定阈值的小波系数为零,并舍弃其对应网格点.达到光滑区域采用较少的计算网格点,在奇异性较大的区域采用较多的计算网格点的目的.通过对自适应网格进行邻域校正、重构检查等附加修正,推导了场值更新的显式时间迭代方案.最后,以均匀、阶梯与复杂三个典型GPR模型为例,与常规数值计算结果对比表明：自适应小波配点法（AWCM）利用第二代小波的多尺度分解和快速变换的特点,可以使计算网格随着时间步适应解的移动和变化,允许计算资源更有效地使用,具有高压缩率,达到跟踪奇异性的目的,特别适合于探地雷达正演中波传问题的模拟.     

Model-data fusion for seismic performance evaluation of an instrumented highway bridge

The paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm to integrate a probabilistic, non-Gaussian parameter estimation approach for nonlinear finite element models with the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework for accurate performance evaluations of instrumented civil infrastructures. The algorithm first utilizes a minimum variance framework to fuse predictions from a numerical model of a civil infrastructure with its measured behavior during a past earthquake to update the parameters of the numerical model that is, then, used for performance prediction of the civil infrastructure during future earthquakes. A nonproduct quadrature rule, based on the conjugate unscented transformation, forms an enabling tool to drive the computationally efficient model prediction, model-data fusion, and performance evaluation. The algorithm is illustrated and validated on Meloland Road overpass, a heavily instrumented highway bridge in El Centro, CA, which experienced three moderate earthquake events in the past. The benefits of integrating measurement data into the PBEE framework are highlighted by comparing damage fragilities of and annual probabilities of damages to the bridge estimated using the presented algorithm with that estimated using the conventional PBEE approach.