灵山岩体演化特征及其与稀有金属的成矿关系

从岩体时空分布、岩石化学成分、造岩矿物、副矿物、微量元素、稳定同位素、成岩温度、压力等特征，论述了灵山岩体演化与钽铌等稀有金属成矿的关系，简述了区内典型稀有金属矿床主要成矿地质特征及其与岩体的成因联系，进而肯定了区内钽铌等稀有金属找矿的良好前景，并提出了今后找矿的方向和建议。     

Gneiss-Water Interaction and Water Evolution During the Early Stages of Dissolution Experiments at Room Temperature

Gneiss-distilled water interaction at room temperature was investigated with batch-reactors to study water-rock reaction and geochemical evolution of the aqueous phase with time. The ion concentrations in water were controlled not only by the dissolution of primary minerals, but also by the precipitation of secondary minerals. The decreasing fraction sizes of gneiss could favor dissolution and precipitation simultaneously. Ca^2 and K^ were the major cations, and HCO3^- was the major anion in water. All the ions except Ca^2 increased in concentration with time. The Ca^2 release from the rock to the aqueous phase was initially much faster than the release of K^ , Na^2 and Mg^2 . But after about 5 - 24 hours, the Ca^2 concentrations in water decreased very slowly with time and became relatively stable. During the experiment, the water varied from the Ca-( K)-HCO3-type water to the K-Ca-HCO3-type water, and then to the K-(Ca, Na)-HCO3-type water. The water-gneiss interaction was dominated by the dissolution of Kfeldspar in the solution. The remaining secondary minerals were mainly kaolinite, illite and K (Mg) -mica.     

北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近纪湖底扇沉积演化及模式探讨

综合应用地震、测井及岩心观察资料，对福山凹陷古近纪流沙港组的湖底扇沉积进行了详细研究。认为该期的湖底扇沉积主要是由于三角洲前缘带的砂体在重力作用下进入湖泊深水区堆积而形成，部分是由位于湖盆陡坡边缘的河道砂沿水下河道进入湖泊深水区而形成的水下重力流沉积。从空间分布来看，湖底扇主要分布在凹陷的北部和西部，且北部和西部湖底扇的扇体规模较东部大，存活时间较东部长。平面上湖底扇位于三角洲体系的外侧，垂向上由下至上发育着从湖底扇一三角洲前缘远端一三角洲前缘近端的沉积演化序列。湖底扇的总体沉积模式为南部的辫状河三角洲砂岩碎屑体向北推进至深湖区形成孤立的、规模相对较大的湖底扇砂体；而西部及东部的次要物源——辫状河三角洲也在东西两侧活动断层的控制下在湖盆深处形成湖底扇沉积体。     

汪清7.2级深震地下流体动态异常探析

2002年6月29日汪清7．2级深震前，吉林省地下流体观测网部分井孔观测到一组从趋势到短期前兆异常。本文阐述这些异常出现的特征和时空演化过程。认为异常出现的时间与震中距密切相关，其空间展布具有迁移性，中期异常由外围向震中收缩，其速率很小，进入短期阶段，岩石处于失稳、临失稳状态，水位异常由震中向外围发散，速率迅速加大。同时发现了异常盲区即深震的震中区，它对预测深震中有非常实际的意义，同时对研究板块运动、地球动力学过程也有一定的参考价值。     

黄河上游第四纪河流地貌演化--兼论青藏高原1∶25万新生代地质填图地貌演化调查

在青藏高原1∶25万地质填图中,新生代地貌演化调查方法是查明地貌组成的形态、分布、形成年代等特征,分析地貌成因类型,研究地貌与构造、气候、沉积的关系,通过夷平面、河流阶地等反映隆升过程的标志性地貌面调查,分析地貌发展阶段,建立区域地貌演化史.由黄河上游羊曲段阶地地貌调查结果,推断黄河在0.03 Ma才切开共和南山.对比黄河上游不同发育地段阶地,表明黄河上游地貌演化过程是伴随高原阶段隆升而向上游阶段性溯源侵蚀发展的.1.6 Ma黄河稳定出现在民和-兰州-临夏,1.1 Ma切开积石峡到达化隆-贵德,0.15 Ma切开龙羊峡出现于共和盆地,约0.03 Ma经历最新抬升事件,切开贵南南山及西秦岭,并沟通若尔盖盆地抵达黄河源区.     

秦岭显生宙地幔组成及其演化

通过对秦岭造山带及扬子克拉通北缘显生宙时期 3个含地幔捕虏体的煌斑岩、钾镁煌斑岩、碱性玄武岩以及 11个不含捕虏体的辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩出露点的岩石地球化学对比研究 ,揭示出研究区地幔演化经历了自古生代的OIB亏损地幔到中生代的高度富集地幔再到中生代末期 -新生代的OIB MORB的亏损地幔的两次明显变更。制约这种变更的主要因素是熔融岩浆时源区发生的层圈相互作用类型。鉴于大陆岩石圈软流层体系的特征 ,有必要划分出岩石圈 /软流层相互作用带(过渡带 ) ,它是大陆岩浆作用的重要源区。     

天然气水合物体系动态演化研究（I）：地质历史演变

1995年Dickens对55．5Ma前古新世末增温事件进行了研究，提出天然气水合物作为全球环境变化重要因子的假说．认为古新世末增温事件溶解无机碳-2～-3‰的^13δC位移可以用水合物所含甲烷的释放与随后氧化成二氧化碳来解释．此后，地质历史演变中的天然气水合物演化研究蓬勃发展，本文总结古新世末增温事件、新元古代末期雪球事件、第四纪千年尺度事件等最新进展，为天然气水合物动态演化研究提供基础．开展天然气水合物-天然气体系动态演化过程数值模拟与特征分析，可望促进天然气水合物在全球变化与碳循环中作用的深入认识．     

青海省3次强震前地下流体短临异常的对比分析

通过对发生于1999～2000年间库玛中东段地区3次5级以上地震前地下流体短临异常的分析对比，得出了该地区地下流体短临异常的时空强演化特征。     

New unspiked K–Ar ages of volcanic rocks of the central and western sector of the Aeolian Islands: reconstruction of the volcanic stages

A geochronological study of the Filicudi, Salina, Lipari and Vulcano Islands (Aeolian Archipelago) using the unspiked potassium–argon technique provides new age data which, combined with stratigraphic correlation, better constrain the temporal evolution of volcanism. The unspiked K–Ar age of the oldest exposed lavas on Filicudi, 219±5 ka, is significantly younger than the previous estimation of 1.02 Ma. In the general context of Aeolian volcanism, this new date suggests that the volcanism of the western sector of the Aeolian Archipelago is younger than previously thought. Geochronological data point out on the rapid transition from calc–alkaline to potassic volcanism. The distribution of the K–Ar ages within the Salina–Lipari–Vulcano group shows that the volcanism started on Lipari and propagated over time northward on Salina and southward on Vulcano. Geochronological and geophysical data suggest that the onset of volcanism in the central sector of the Aeolian Arc may be due to a mantle upwelling structure located below Lipari. A change in the style of the eruptions occurred in the Salina–Lipari–Vulcano system at about 100 ka from the present. Low-energy magmatic eruptions occurred between 188 and about 100 ka. From about 100 ka to the present, higher-energy eruptions and low-energy events due to magma–water interaction also occurred. This change in the style of activity, together with the appearance of evolved products (i.e. rhyolites) during the last 50 ka, is consistent with the formation of magmatic reservoirs located at shallower depth with respect to those of the 188–100-ka period. The new geochronological data and available petrological models reveal that a change in the deep source of the primary magmas occurred in a relatively short time interval.     

Temporal variations in magma composition at Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia): magmatic cycles during the past 2000 years of explosive activity

Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia) has been frequently active during Middle to Late Holocene time producing basalts and basaltic andesites of medium-K composition in earlier stages of activity and high-K magmas from 1900 ¹⁴C yr BP to the present. Radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits indicates an almost continuous activity with periods of high eruption rates alternating with shorter time spans of distinctly reduced eruptive frequency since the first appearance of high-K volcanic rocks. Geochemical data of 28 well-dated, prehistoric pyroclastic flows of the Merapi high-K series indicate systematic cyclic variations. These medium-term compositional variations result from a complex interplay of several magmatic processes, which ultimately control the periodicity and frequency of eruptions at Merapi. Low eruption rates and the absence of new influxes of primitive magma from depth allow the generation of basaltic andesite magma (56–57 wt% SiO₂) in a small-volume magma reservoir through fractional crystallisation from parental mafic magma (52–53 wt% SiO₂) in periods of low eruptive frequency. Magmas of intermediate composition erupted during these stages provide evidence for periodic withdrawal of magma from a steadily fractionating magma chamber. Subsequent periods are characterised by high eruption rates that coincide with shifts of whole-rock compositions from basaltic andesite to basalt. This compositional variation is interpreted to originate from influxes of primitive magma into a continuously active magma chamber, triggering the eruption of evolved magma after periods of low eruptive frequency. Batches of primitive magma eventually mix with residual magma in the magmatic reservoir to decrease whole-rock SiO₂ contents. Supply of primitive magma at Merapi appears to be sufficiently frequent that andesites or more differentiated rock types were not generated during the past 2000 years of activity. Cyclic variations also occurred during the recent eruptive period since AD 1883. The most recent eruptive episode of Merapi is characterised by essentially uniform magma compositions that may imply the existence of a continuously active magma reservoir, maintained in a quasi-steady state by magma recharge. The whole-rock compositions at the upper limit of the total SiO₂ range of the Merapi suite could also indicate the beginning of another period of high eruption rates and shifts towards more mafic compositions.