村落遗产地社区居民旅游发展态度的影响因素

构建了社区依恋、社区关注、社区参与、旅游影响感知和社区居民旅游发展态度的结构关系模型,并以村落遗产地——福建土楼为例,采用结构方程模型（SEM） 验证社区居民旅游发展态度的影响因素,并引入个人获益作为调节变量,剖析在获益居民和没有获益的居民中,各种旅游感知对旅游发展态度的影响是否存在显著差异。研究结果表明：① 经济获益感知、社会文化获益感知和环境获益感知均对态度具有显著正向影响,而经济成本感知对态度具有显著负向影响;② 社区依恋通过社会文化获益感知和环境获益感知对态度产生间接影响;③ 社区关注通过经济获益感知和环境获益感知间接影响态度,并通过经济成本感知间接影响态度;④ 社区参与通过经济获益感知、社会文化获益感知和环境获益感知对态度产生间接正向影响,并通过经济成本感知对态度产生间接负向影响;⑤ 经济获益感知、社会文化获益感知和环境获益感知对态度的影响对获益居民比没有获益的居民要大,而经济成本感知、社会文化成本感知与环境成本感知对态度的影响对没有获益的居民比获益居民要大。     

亚洲通量观测网建立的回顾与展望

1IntroductionTheelucidationofthebudgetsofcarbon,waterandothermassesatvariouslandecosystemshasbecomeanimportantsubjectintheglobalwarmingissue.Forthisstudy,thedatafrompreciseandlong-termobservationsofcarbondioxide,watervapor,andheatfluxtakeninvariouslandsur…     

连续变量的自适应局部空间同位模式挖掘算法

目前,局部空间同位模式挖掘方法存在需要预设定邻域范围、挖掘的结果无统计显著性意义而难以对结论进行科学地判定等问题,如当前常用的\begin{array}{c}K\end{array}近邻方法难以确定合适的搜索圆半径,而固定距离法由于空间数据集的多尺度特性,距离阈值的设定对结果的影响较大。因此,针对连续变量的空间采样点数据集,本文提出了一种自适应局部空间同位模式挖掘算法。首先,定义了连续变量的空间同位模式兴趣度函数、模式指示器函数及Voronoi邻域,并通过构建Voronoi邻域矩阵避免了预设定邻域阈值的问题,最后采用\begin{array}{c}{G_i}^{*}\end{array}统计量进行局部空间同位模式及其区域的发现,使挖掘的结果具有统计显著性意义,进而帮助专家对挖掘结果做出更科学的判定。通过使用真实的连接了烟草适应性评价结果的耕地地力样点调查数据和水污染数据,对开发的算法进行测试。实验结果表明,算法无需预设邻域范围,可查找同区域内的不同空间同位模式。实验所发现的局部空间同位模式发现了实验数据研究区域存在的特有现象,对耕地地力调查工作具有实际的指导作用。     

旧石器时期以来新疆文化遗址分布特征及驱动因素

运用最近邻指数和耦合分析方法,研究了旧石器时期至近现代新疆432处文化遗址时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明：（1）新疆文化遗址属于聚集分布模式,集中分布在以12个聚集区为主的丝绸之路南道、中道、北道和塔城-阿勒泰地区4个带。中道和北道的遗址数量约占总量的80.11%。（2）新疆文化遗址可划分为旧石器-商朝、西周-秦朝、汉代-南北朝、隋唐-五代、宋元明、清朝-近现代6个时期,不同时期遗址分布重心经历了塔城-阿勒泰→丝绸之路南道和中道→丝绸之路中道和北道→丝绸之路中道的演变。（3）文化遗址的格局演化与历史时期新疆自然和人文因素等有很好的耦合关系,文化遗址的快速发展期（如西汉、隋唐）与气候的相对凉湿期、中原政权的强盛、屯垦的高潮期、丝绸之路的繁荣期相对应。（4）文化遗址空间分布主要受控于自然因素,而时间变迁更多的是受人文因素的影响。早期自然因素的影响大,而后期人文力量起主导作用,是新疆文化遗址变迁与自然和人文耦合关系的总规律。     

鄱阳湖流域史前人类遗址时空分布及其环境响应（英文）

The temporal-spatial geographic distribution of archaeological sites and its feature between 10.0–2.8 ka BP(ka BP= thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) were determined, based on GIS spatial analysis in the Poyang Lake Basin. The relationship between geographic distribution of sites of different periods under subsistence existence of ancient civilizations, climate and environmental change was investigated. The results revealed numerous archaeological sites of the Neolithic Age(10.0–3.6 ka BP). The sites were mainly located in the northern part of the Poyang Lake Basin, a hilly and mountainous area with many river terraces suitable for the development of human civilization. The number of archaeological sites rapidly increased during the Shang and Zhou dynasties(3.6–2.8 ka BP) and spread widely on the floodplains of the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River and onto the west, south, and southeast beach areas of the Poyang Lake. Holocene records of climate change suggested that it was possible that climate fluctuations had a great impact on human evolution in the study area. Before 3.6 ka BP, westward and northward expansion of Neolithic cultures in the Poyang Lake watershed occurred under the background of climate amelioration(becoming warmer and wetter). The ancient people lived in the hilly areas with high elevation. The simple mode of a fishing and gathering economy was mostly suited to this area in the early Neolithic Age. The scope of human activities was expanded and cultural diversity developed in the late Neolithic Age. However, with population growth and increasing survival pressure in a dry-cold climatic stage after 3.6 ka BP, this simple living mode had to be abandoned, and various forms of economy, the majority being agriculture, were developed on flood plains of the lower reaches of numerous rivers around Poyang Lake. This promoted flourishing of the Bronze culture of South China.     

THE INFLUENCE OF SLOPE AND RAIN INTENSITY ON RUNOFF AND INFILTRATION / L'influence de l'inclinaison de terrain et de l'intensité de pluie sur l'écoulement et l'infiltration

Abstract

The design and construction of a special-purpose laboratory catchment and rainfall simulator is described. The equipment consists of a soil catchment area that can be inclined at various angles. Additional instrumentation then measures the flow of water across the surface of, and through, the soil bed. Precipitation is provided by a unit that simulates rainfall at particular rates with uniform distribution.

The equipment was used to examine infiltration, runoff and other hydrological properties of a number of soils under different rainfall intensities and with different catchment slopes. Correlations were obtained for these variables.     

Postindustrial Manufacturing in a Sunbelt Metropolis: Where Are Factories Located in Phoenix?

Manufacturing establishments are integral to the spatial structure of fast-growing Sunbelt metropolitan areas, but most concepts and theories of intrametropolitan location were largely developed for an earlier technological era and different spatial contexts. This article investigates the location of nine disaggregated manufacturing sectors in Phoenix, Arizona, showing varying degrees of central core concentration and metropolitan-wide clustering. Distinct sectoral co-location patterns are also evident. We interpret our results as evidence that the intrametropolitan location of postindustrial manufacturing is best understood as a series of spatial distributions with varying concentration, centralization, clustering, and other order-based characteristics. There is little evidence that randomly scattered discrete industrial zones have developed nor that spatial patterns are uniform. Enduring lock-in effects tied to transportation infrastructure are pivotal to understanding the locational distribution of manufacturing industries in metropolitan Phoenix. Results do not support a hypothesis that a positive relationship exists between establishment size and distance from sectoral mean centers.     

商业超市立地调查与选址模型构建分析

超市的选址涉及投资商的营销策略,商圈范围内的人口数、收入水平,所选择区位的自然条件、交通设施、地价或租金、竞争态势因素等.这些因子不但有经济的、人文的,还涉及到自然的,用传统的管理方法来对这些影响因素建模存在很大的局限性.这里引进了一种空间信息技术(GIS),利用其在空间建模上的强大优势,可以对提取的指标和建立的模型用...     

The marine Devonian stratigraphy of Great Britain

Exposed marine Devonian rocks of Great Britain are in South-West England where successions together span most of the Devonian Period. The Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites of the volume are located in Cornwall and Devon, the latter providing the historic stratotype of the Devonian System. Site stratigraphies are linked to basins of three sub-provinces. Those represent different, albeit largely penecontemporaneous, tectonosedimentary regimes of the differing settings of the Rhenohercynian Zone. The sites and their selection criteria based on their international and national importance in understanding Devonian geological history are listed. A History of Research section provides a detailed review of work on the Devonian rocks of the province from 1839, when Sedgwick and Murchison proposed establishment of the system, to the present and the recent recognition of the relationships between its numerous successions and their dependence upon, extensional and contractional tectonic structures and processes. Other sections detail the Stratigraphical Framework of Devonian strata; Devonian Chronostratigraphy, tracing development and refinement of the Series’ and Stages of the system; and Biostratigraphy, in relation to the faunal groups of the province and their relevance to biozone establishment and environmental discrimination. The chapter concludes with an explanation of current understanding of the evolution of the plate settings of the province that determined the nature of the marine Devonian and its stratigraphy in South-West England.     

The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013–18

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013–18. The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone concentration assessments. The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_2.5 concentration slightly lower by 0.6?2.2 μg m^?3 and 1.4?6.0 μg m^?3 respectively from 2013 to 2018. The main reason is that over time, the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions. For ozone, the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration, especially the national trends, which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014?15. Besides, the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer. These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments, that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment, trend analysis, and trend driving force analysis.