利用接收函数方法研究中国东北东南部地区不同构造体的地壳特征

基于我们布设的探测深俯冲的中国东北地震台阵NECsaids台阵和固定地震台长时段的观测记录及NECESSArray流动台阵共计152个台站数据提取得到的33752条P波接收函数,采用H-κ叠加分析和共转换点（CCP）叠加成像等方法进行统一分析处理,并汇集他人接收函数研究结果得到中国东北东南部地区迄今为止最高分辨率的地壳厚度和平均波速比分布图像.对中国东北东南部地区不同构造体的地壳特征综合分析研究表明：研究区不同陆块的地壳属性存在明显差别,张广才岭地块中南部的地壳厚度和波速比与华北克拉通东北缘相当,地壳厚度同地表地形之间显示有明显的正相关关系;松辽地块东南缘地壳最薄、波速比最高,地壳厚度同壳内波速比之间显示出明显的负相关关系;兴凯地块西部地区的地壳结构表现为稍厚的地壳厚度和研究区内最低的壳内波速比,其地壳厚度同壳内波速比之间亦显示出明显的负相关关系;佳木斯地块西南缘在具有"正常"的壳内波速比同时地壳最厚.研究区内的郯庐断裂带北延段在切穿其下Moho面的同时表现出南北分段的特征：北段（44.4°N—47°N）两分支之下的Moho面整体下凹,而南段（41.5°N—43.3°N）两分支之下的Moho面则整体上隆.长白山天池火山下方表现为Moho面下凹沉落及高壳内波速比特征,推测其壳内岩浆囊很可能存在于火山口东北隅至少10 km的范围内.     

近岸海水质量量化方法及分类评价

近岸海域是陆地、海洋和大气之间各种过程相互作用最活跃的界面[1],沿海100km以内区域聚积着约60%的世界人口[2],其环境质量强烈受人类活动影响.对近岸海域进行水质环境管理,应依据海水物理、化学和生物学性质对海水进行分类评价[3,4].     

HVSR方法用于地震作用下场地效应分析的适用性研究

以美国Garner Valley Downhole Array(GVDA)竖向观测台阵的强震观测记录为基础,利用水平与竖向谱比(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio,HVSR)方法与传统谱比方法研究了多次地震作用下竖向台阵场地的波动传播规律,探讨了该场地HVSR曲线与传递函数(Transfer Function,TF)曲线的差异,综合利用频域求解一维层状场地P、SV波入射情况下场地响应的土层地震反应分析方法和合成理论地震图的波数积分法解释了二者差异可能的原因,在此基础上研究了HVSR方法应用于地震作用下场地效应分析的适用性.研究结论表明:竖向地震动场地效应是HVSR与传递函数产生差异的主要原因,竖向地震动场地效应主要是由竖向地震动中的P波成分引起的.在场地竖向放大可以忽略的频段范围内,HVSR可以作为传递函数研究地震作用下的场地效应.     

Field survey and analysis of hillslopes on tower karst in Guilin,southern China

Limestone dissolution in tropical and subtropical humid southern China created residual hills with steep slopes, a landform that is referred to as tower karst. Two types of tower karst landform feature, fenglin or peak forest (isolated towers) and fengcong or peak cluster (linked‐base towers), were identified in Guilin. Previous studies proposed two hypotheses regarding their origin and evolution. One is the sequential evolution model from peak cluster to peak forest. The other is a parallel development model, which postulates that both peak cluster and peak forest have developed simultaneously. Through detailed field survey and analysis of slope forms on tower karst in Guilin, it was found that the mean slope angle of the towers is very high (62·4°) and ranges from 60° to 75°. There is no significant difference in mean slope angle and slope angle distribution between towers in the peak cluster basin and peak forest floodplain areas. Mean slope angle increases with intensified fluvial dissection. Three levels of caves in the towers of the peak forest in Guilin were identified in previous research. The isolated towers of the peak forest as well as scattered residuals of peak cluster are generally distributed in the centre of the Guilin syncline. Favourable circumstances of allogenic water concentration indicate that development of the peak forest resulted from the combined effects of subcutaneous and subterranean dissolution as well as subsequent collapse and recession by fluvial erosion after uplifting. By contrast, peak clusters generally occur on the limbs of the syncline or at the periphery of the Guilin basin with relatively higher elevations. The thick vadose zone and predominantly vertical flow suggests that peak clusters are mainly formed by the combination of intensive uplifting and the enhancement of original dolines. The evidence of slope survey and slope analysis suggests that both isolated towers and linked‐base towers developed simultaneously but by different mechanisms of formation and different combinations of development processes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A data‐based mechanistic modelling (DBM) approach to understanding dynamic sediment transmission through Wyresdale Park Reservoir,Lancashire, UK

This paper outlines the application of a new data‐based mechanistic (DBM) modelling methodology to the characterization of the sediment transmission dynamics in a small upland reservoir, Wyresdale Park, Lancashire. The DBM modelling strategy exploits advanced statistical procedures to infer the dynamic model structure and its associated parameters directly from the instrumented data, producing a parametrically efficient, continuous time, transfer function model which relates suspended sediment load at the reservoir inflow to the outflow at the event scale. The associated differential equation model parameters have physical attributes which can be interpreted in terms of sediment transmission processes and associated reservoir trap efficiency. Sedigraph analysis suggests that wind‐induced resuspension episodically supplies an additional load to the reservoir outlet. The stochastic nature of the DBM model makes it ideal for evaluating the effects of uncertainty through Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) for discharge and sediment transmission. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环境风险应急管理决策支持系统的设计与实现

针对典型煤化工产业聚集区(太原市晋源区)环境风险应急管理决策支持系统的建立,进行系统功能结构划分和详细设计,并利用ArcGIS Server二次开发,实现在Web环境下地物空间信息的完整表达,地理信息的定位查询,应急救援资源的分类查询和对风险源的实时监控,完成最短路径查询、最邻近设施选择、救援服务区确定等空间分析功能,形成完整的应急响应机制,为应急管理决策提供有力依据。     

基于EGM2008地球重力场模型的GPS高程转换研究

综合利用EGM2008地球重力场模型,采用＂移去-拟合-恢复＂方法和二次曲面函数数值逼近算法进行GPS高程转换。通过某隧道实例验证了＂移去-拟合-恢复＂的有效性和实用性,检验了EGM2008地球重力场模型的精度。通过计算比较,在测区范围内,合理选择均匀分布的GPS/水准点,可以使高程拟合精度达到最大。     

上海市主体功能区划分与综合制图

以《上海市主体功能区划图集》的数据处理、内容结构设计、地图设计与制作工艺等不同阶段遇到的问题及解决方案为例,探讨了此类反映总体规划、区域划分类地图(集)的设计特点与关键技术。     

径向基神经网络GPS高程转换方法

针对GPS高程转换问题,给出了基于径向基神经网络转换GPS高程的模型。用实际观测数据对该模型进行了试验,结果表明,用径向基神经网络转换GPS高程精度高于二次拟合法和BP神经网络法。径向基神经网络能够有效克服BP神经网络局部极小值的缺点,并且具有较高的收敛速度,在GPS高程转换方面具有广阔应用前景。     

浅析基于GIS技术的洪水灾害评估及其实现方法

针对洪水灾害评估的特点,将GIS技术与RS技术相结合,根据数字高程模型DEM提供的三维数据和遥感影像数据,运用GIS的空间分析功能来预测、模拟河流域洪水淹没场景,结合属性数据进行洪水灾害评估,并对此系统的实现方法进行对比评价。