基于伪距测量的钟差计算模型

基于伪距和钟差定义,讨论了无线电时间比对的基本原理。在此基础上,详细推导了地心非旋转坐标系中一般意义下基于伪码测距模式的钟差计算模型,并通过坐标变换,给出了地固系中的实用计算模型。对地回系计算模型的进一步分析表明：卫星在地固系运动速度引起的改正项与sagnac效应项是完全不同的两项改正;对于GEO卫星,sagnac效应项最大约为200ns,其地固系运动速度引起的改正约为1ns;而对于MEO卫星,sagnac效应项最大为120ns,其地固系运动速度引起的改正约为1200ns。     

无线传感器网络中基于时钟漂移补偿的时间同步技术

在分析和总结现有时间同步算法的特点及其存在问题的基础上,提出了一种在无线传感器网络的时间同步协议（TPSN）中同时考虑节点时钟偏移和频率漂移率的改进算法。该算法利用连续两次同步过程中所记录的时间信息来估算节点时钟的偏移和频率漂移率,并进行补偿。同传统算法相比,此算法通讯成本较低、精度较高。最后通过数学分析和仿真的方法对所提出的改进算法进行了验证。     

板式橡胶支座对斜交连续梁桥地震反应的影响

为充分了解板式橡胶支座对斜交连续梁桥地震反应的影响,利用OpenSees软件建立简化的斜交桥计算模型进行时程分析,研究板式橡胶支座摩擦滑移效应,以及支座动摩擦系数、剪切刚度、局部脱空等参数对斜交桥地震反应的影响。结果表明:板式橡胶支座考虑摩擦滑移后,不仅桥面位移和转角显著增大,而且出现残余位移和残余转角;随着支座剪切刚度的增大,桥面位移和转角均明显减小;随着桥墩处支座动摩擦系数的增大,桥面位移、转角均呈增长趋势,然而桥台处支座动摩擦系数的影响与之相反;桥墩处局部支座脱空对斜交桥的影响明显大于桥台支座。     

区域GNSS网的整数卫星钟差解算

基于双差模糊度的整数性质,从理论上证明,通过固定基准模糊度可以使整网的星间单差模糊度都恢复整数性质,实现星间单差模糊度固定,从而得到整数卫星钟差。提出模糊度连续弧段的概念,改进基准模糊度选取方法。实验表明,对于1 d弧长的区域观测网数据,与旧方法相比,新方法获得的基准模糊度的数量增加近1倍;基准模糊度固定之后,窄巷模糊度成功固定的比例从60%左右提高到90%左右。将得到的整数卫星钟差用于30 min弧长的快速静态PPP,实现固定解的比例为96.00%。模糊度固定之后,PPP定位N、E、U方向的RMS分别达到7.3 mm、9.8 mm、23.3 mm。     

北斗卫星精密轨道与钟差精度分析

针对北斗卫星导航系统的卫星姿态模型、天线相位中心改正及卫星定轨数据处理策略未统一的现状,该文对比分析了武汉大学和德国地学研究中心提供的北斗事后精密轨道和钟差产品的差异及精度,结合实测数据,通过分析精密单点定位的定位精度来比较两中心精密轨道和钟差的差异。实验结果表明:北斗卫星的精密轨道精度与轨道类型有关,地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星的轨道精度为米级,倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星的轨道精度为分米级,中地球轨道(MEO)卫星切向、法向和径向的精度分别为10.81、5.41和3.37cm;GEO卫星钟差精度优于0.38ns,IGSO卫星钟差优于0.25ns,MEO卫星钟差优于0.15ns;两家分析中心产品的北斗静态精密单点定位的平面精度相当;北斗静态精密单点定位的RMS统计值平面精度优于3cm,三维精度优于7cm。     

基于IGS超快星历预报卫星钟差及其精度分析

在实时GPS精密单点定位中,能否快速有效地得到高精度的卫星钟差预报值是影响实时单点定位速度和精度的一个重要因素,由于GPS原子钟的高频率、高敏感和极易受到外界及其本身因素影响的性质使得卫星钟差预报至今都没能得到很好地解决,本文在目前的卫星钟差预报基础上,分别探讨了利用灰色模型理论、线性模型和二次多项式模型等方法,以IGS超快星历中2004年12月7日卫星钟差观测资料预报8日的卫星钟差为例进行卫星钟差预报研究,初步得出如下结论:在利用IGS超快星历的前一天的卫星钟差观测值预报后一天的钟差时,线性模型相对方便有效;而灰色模型只要选取合适的模型指数系数,能得到较高精度;但二次多项式模型预报精度较差。利用线性模型能达到或优于IGS超快星历预报钟差的预报精度。     

Evolutionary biogeography on Ophiocordyceps sinensis:An indicator of molecular phylogeny to geochronological and ecological exchanges

The fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis is endemic to the vast region of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau(QTP).The unique and complex geographical environmental conditions have led to the "sky island" distribution structure of O.sinensis.Due to limited and unbalanced sample collections,the previous data on O.sinensis regarding its genetic diversity and spatial structure have been deemed insufficient.In this study,we analyzed the diversity and phylogeographic structures of O.sinensis using internally transcribed spacer region(ITS) and 5-locus datasets by a large-scale sampling.A total of 111 haplotypes of ITS sequences were identified from 948 samples data of the fungus O.sinensis,with representing high genetic diversity,and 8 phylogenetic clades were recognized in O.sinensis.Both the southeastern Tibet and the northwestern Yunnan were the centers of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the fungus,and they were inferred as the glacial refugia in the Quaternary.Three distribution patterns were identified to correspond to the 8 clades,including but not limited to the coexistence of widely and specific local distributive structures.It also revealed that the differentiation pattern of O.sinensis did not fit for the isolation-by-distance model.The differentiation into the 8 clades occurred between 1.56 Myr and6.62 Myr.The ancestor of O.sinensis most likely originated in the late Miocene(6.62 Myr) in the northwestern Yunnan,and the Scene A-C of the Qinghai-Tibetan movements may have played an important role in the differentiation of O.sinensis during the late Miocene-Pliocene periods.Our current results provide a much clearer and detailed understanding of the genetic diversity and geographical spatial distribution of the endemic alpine fungus O.sinensis.It also revealed that the geochronology resulting from paleogeology could be cross-examined with biomolecular clock at a finer scale.     

卫星钟差采样间隔对高频PPP-ZTD精度的影响

高频对流层延迟（ZTD）的提取对于反映水汽含量的高时间分辨率瞬时变化及其在暴雨短临预报中的应用具有重要意义。基于精密单点定位技术（PPP）分析了不同采样间隔的卫星钟差对PPP-ZTD精度的影响。结果表明,卫星钟差的时间间隔小于30 s时,所获得的PPP-ZTD(RMS<4 mm)比5 min间隔的（RMS<6 mm）精度要高;而5 s与30 s采样间隔的卫星钟差所获得的ZTD精度相当。     

Rest‐frame UV to optical X‐shooter spectrum of the gravitationally lensed galaxy “the 8 o'clock arc”: Dissection of its physical properties

We present the rest‐frame UV to optical spectrum of the gravitationally lensed galaxy, the “8 o'clock arc” at z = 2.735, obtained with the X‐shooter spectrograph. This is one of the rare comprehensive study of a high‐redshift star‐forming galaxy, usually not feasible due to the faintness of these objects. The spectrum of the 8 o'clock arc is rich in stellar and interstellar absorption features and in nebular emission features. Their analysis allowed us to derive most of the physical properties characterizing the galaxy. From HST images, we reconstruct the morphology of the arc in the source plane and confirm that we resolve a clump in rotation around the main core of galaxy in our X‐shooter spectrum (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

GPS positioning accuracy using precise real‐time ephemeris and clock correction

Global positioning system (GPS) has found applications in various areas including marine geodesy. GPS positioning accuracy, however, is greatly degraded by GPS ephemeris and clock errors, particularly errors due to Selective Availability (SA). Thus, it is crucial to use precise ephemeris and clock corrections for users who require high position accuracy. Presently, precise ephemeris and clock corrections are available only in post‐mission. This paper investigates the generation of precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections and the positioning accuracy using them. In this research, precise real‐time ephemeris is generated from accurate dynamic orbit prediction and clock corrections are calculated using instantaneous GPS measurements. Numerical analysis using data from an actual GPS tracking network is performed that indicates use of precise ephemeris and clock corrections can improve the positioning accuracy to the one meter level. This accuracy is attainable in real‐time as the precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections become available in the future.