Experimental researches on reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater under regular and irregular waves

A series of regular and irregular wave experiments are conducted to study the reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater (QCB) in comparison with those of semi-circular breakwater (SCB). Based on regular wave tests, the reflection and transmission characteristics of QCB are analyzed and a few influencing factors are investigated. Then, the wave energy dissipation as wave passing over the breakwater is discussed based on the hydraulic coefficients of QCB and SCB. In irregular wave experiments, the reflection coefficients of QCB and their spectrums are studied. Finally, the comparisons between the experimental results and numerical simulations for QCB under regular and irregular wave conditions are presented.     

建筑物超载对深基坑周边地表沉降影响分析

结合理论推导和对工程实测数据的整理分析,对天然场地和存在邻近建筑物时2种情况下的墙后地表沉降形态进行了对比分析,采用上海软土地区墙后地表沉降经验公式,对存在建筑物超载情况下的地表沉降曲线进行了良好的拟合,直观地表示出地表沉降槽的大小及形状、墙后最大沉降点的位置等。结果表明,邻近建筑物的存在能显著改变天然场地的地表沉降曲线形态,是否考虑建筑物存在的影响,将影响到对基坑及周边环境安全状态进行正确的评价和预测。     

砌体和钢混结构建筑群的破坏概率模型研究

通过对已有震害预测的易损性矩阵进行研究,对目前易损性矩阵的概率模型进行了修改。分析了华南地区建筑群的3种主要结构类型:钢混结构,砖混结构和砖木结构。将3种结构在各种烈度下的破坏状态分别进行了拟合和参数计算,针对其差异性提出了偏态分布和正态分布,给出了不同的破坏概率模型。在广东省惠州市数据的验算下,证明了对于砌体和钢混建筑群易损性矩阵的呈现有一定的参考意义。     

大型斑岩铜矿的遥感信息探讨

遥感影像解译的不同规模级别的线性构造、不同类型的环形构造和线-环组合类型以及色彩异常影像是寻找斑岩铜矿,特别是大型斑岩铜矿床最有用的遥感标志。1.砂岩铜矿的规模直接与不同规模不同级别的线性构造相联系区域性斑岩铜矿带直接受大型区域线性构造带和它们的汇聚格局控制,这种区域线性构造带多为区域压性壳断裂或超壳断裂,在遥感图像上常显示为浅色带,其长度超过100km,被称为主干边缘线性构造带(处于隆起单元向坳陷单元过渡部位,靠近隆起单元一侧).此外,一系列次级线性构造往往与主干边缘线性构造成一定角度相交,共同形成一种贯通性构造,在遥感图像上也常显示为浅色线;并直接控制斑岩铜矿田的分布和矿床的定位,被称为横向线性构造,长度一般1km-100km,主要包括三种类型(略),均显示张性特征。事实上,与斑岩铜矿有关的蚀变矿化直接受控于更低级别的线性构造(断裂和裂隙),它们常构成统一的环状和放射状断裂、裂隙系统。2.不同组合的多层环形影像是斑岩铜矿的不同呈矿环块构造的映像几乎所有的斑岩铜矿都与环块构造有关,特别是Ⅲ或Ⅳ级环块(直径50km-500km,包括环隆、环陷及褶皱-断裂环块等).它们控制了斑岩铜矿的定位。     

The Coral Triangle Initiative and regional exchanges: Strengthening capacity through a regional learning network

Natural resource management and conservation programs that promote building capacity and social learning among participants often lead to the formation of learning networks: a type of social network where learning is both a goal and potential outcome of the network. Through forming relationships and sharing information, participants in a learning network build social capital that can help a network achieve social and environmental goals. In this study, we explored social capital in a learning network that emerged through a large-scale marine governance effort, the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security. Through a mixture of social network analysis and key informant interviews, we examined the major patterns of information exchange among individuals who had participated in regional learning exchanges; evaluated whether the network's structure resulted in information sharing; and considered implications for strengthening network sustainability, capacity building, and learning. We found that the Regional Exchange network fostered information sharing among participants across national and organizational boundaries. While the network had individuals who were more central to information sharing, the network structure was generally decentralized, indicating potential resilience to changes in leadership and membership. Participants stressed the importance of the knowledge and connections they had acquired through the learning network; however, they expressed doubts regarding its sustainability and stressed the need for a strong coordinating entity. Our findings suggest that conservation learning networks have the ability to bridge cultural divides and promote social learning; however, a strong network coordinator and continuing efforts to support information sharing and learning are crucial to the network's strength and sustainability. The tangible learning and capacity development outcomes cultivated through Regional Exchange network underscore the value of and need to invest in conservation networks that support peer-to-peer learning.     

机载激光雷达数据的建筑物三维模型重建

机载激光雷达技术可以快速获取建筑物高精度高密度的三维空间信息.文章提出一种建筑物三维模型重建方法,该方法利用栅格数据使用RANSAC算法提取建筑边界上的长线段,采用规则化策略获取建筑轮廓;在模型生成阶段,基于原始点云和屋顶拓扑关系约束,获取屋顶间的交线和交点,并结合已得到的建筑边界、屋顶间交线和交点获取三维建筑模型.实验结果表明,该方法思路清晰、科学可行且适用性强,提取的建筑边界和模型垂直精度高.     

物探队地勘人才队伍建设的实践与思考

总结物探队人才队伍建设实践,学习实践科学发展观,解放思想,转变观念,深刻理解人才是科学发展的第一资源和以用为本的人才理念,探讨在"地质立队"思想指导下,如何引进人才,激励人才,加强人才队伍建设,以人才队伍协调发展,加快地勘经济跨越发展步伐。     

Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions

Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑填充墙影响的钢筋混凝土厂房结构地震易损性分析

采用对角斜撑模拟纵向填充墙的作用,建立考虑填充墙和不考虑填充墙厂房结构模型,采用拉丁超立方抽样技术建立考虑材料不确定性的结构分析样本,基于随机Pushover分析确定结构不同破坏状态下的统计参数。综合考虑结构材料强度及输入地震动不确定性的影响,通过非线性时程分析开展单层钢筋混凝土厂房结构易损性研究,在此基础上比较结构横、纵向易损性的差异,研究填充墙对结构易损性的影响。研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土厂房结构体系横向地震易损性显著大于纵向地震易损性;对纵向结构体系而言,加入填充墙会明显降低结构易损性,但在相同强度的地震动作用下,填充墙破坏程度比主体结构严重,这与厂房结构的实际震害特征相符。     

Delaunay三角网增点生长构造法研究

论述了一种由计算机自动生成Delaunay三角网的增点生长构造法。该方法属于不规则三角网的动态构网法，它借鉴了静态构网法中递归生长算法的部分思想，并利用Lawson提出的最大最小(MAX—MIN)角度法则对三角网进行即时的局部优化，从而达到了快速、有效地构建Delaunay三角网的目的。该方法对快速生成海底DEM数据，进行海底仿真具有重要的作用。