The RGS, exploration and Empire and the contested nature of surveying

In 1879, the RGS started courses in practical surveying based on the methods used by navigators. Subsequently, RGS courses, increasingly under the influence of former members of the Survey of India, changed in character. At the same time as the nature of appropriate surveying was being negotiated within the RGS, the debate over the academic nature of geography also took shape. The development of the 'new' geography reflected the conflicts within the RGS Council over the meaning of scientific geography.     

Tiller recruitment and mortality in the dryland bunchgrass Eragrostis curvula as affected by defoliation intensity

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of moderate (14 cm) vs. severe (7 cm) defoliation on tiller recruitment and mortality within the interior and on the perimeter of weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) tussocks. Tiller number per marked shoot within the interior was significantly greater in plants defoliated at 14-cm stubble height than at 7-cm stubble height (2·37 vs. 0·43, p<0·05) 28 weeks after defoliation; likewise, tiller number per marked shoot was also greater on the perimeter of tussocks in the higher stubble than the lower stubble defoliation treatment (5·10 vs. 2·03, p<0·05). Tiller natality increased significantly 4 weeks after defoliation except for tillers cut to 7-cm stubble height within the interior of tussocks where tiller natality reached a peak at 4·5 weeks after defoliation. During the later stages of canopy development, tiller numbers per marked shoot gradually declined as tiller mortality increased. Tillers began senescing 13 weeks after defoliation, and the senescence rate was 52% greater in the 7-cm stubble height treatment than in the 14-cm stubble height treatment (2·33 vs. 1·53, p<0·0001). Within the interior of tussocks, number of the marked tillers more than doubled under the 14-cm stubble height treatment, whereas the plants lost 57% of the monitored tillers under the 7-cm stubble height treatment. We concluded that the central dieback process in weeping lovegrass is accelerated by severe defoliation.     

山东省省际边界地区发展研究

省际边界地区有其自身的发展特点，对于区域的发展起着特殊的作用。文章分析了山东省省际边界地区的特点，并根据康维斯（P.D.Converse)断裂点理论，对山东省及周边中心城市的引力范围进行了计算，比较分析了目前山东省省界城市和省内城市吸引范围及竞争力差异，提出了山东省发展省际边界地区的相应对策。     

Statistic forecast of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts

According to the measured data of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts in 1949-2002, a statistic relative equation showing the relation between the central atmospheric pressure of typhoons in a certain region at a certain period of time and their accumulation of frequency is established, and the concept of recurrence interval of typhoons is put forward, which is of actual significance for typhoon disaster reduction along the coastal area.     

添加剂对聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚浊点的影响

浊点是非离子表面活性剂的一个特性参数，它是非离子表面活性荆溶液由透明变浑浊，和由浑浊变透明的平均温度。聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚是一种非离子表面活性剂，通过实验测定了有机酸、醇、无机盐、聚合物等添加剂对聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚浊点的影响。结果表明，不加任何添加剂时，聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚的浊点为89℃；添加有机酸时，浊点随浓度升高先下降后上升；添加醇时，碳链短的随浓度升高浊点升高，碳链长的随浓度升高而下降；添加无机钠盐时，浊点随浓度升高而下降；添加聚合物时。浊点超过100℃。     

双鸭山矿区矿井充水规律研究

根据双鸭山矿区的水文地质条件及多年生产实践资料(矿井涌水量与其相关因素——地貌、采掘深度、回采面积、巷道长度、岩性、构造、降雨的关系),阐述了矿区充水的一般规律,提出了含水砂层覆盖下采区进行水文地质勘探的重点及开采含水砂层覆盖下煤炭资源的主要防治水措施,对同类水文地质条件矿井开采煤炭资源具有可借鉴意义。     

进一步搞好离任经济责任审计工作

离任经济责任审计,越来越受到各级领导的重视。搞好离任经济责任审计,确保审计质量,值得我们深入思索和关注。做好离任经济责任审计工作,要明确审计范围,把握审计重点,评价客观公正;对任期较长的责任人进行任期期间经济责任任审计;及时下达审计决定,保证审计工作的时效性。     

GPS-RTK在小城市测量中的应用

叙述了GPS-RTK测量在浙江省丽水市城市首级控制、基本控制、地形测图、施工放样的运用，并且与传统作业方法作了简明扼要的比较，提出了在GPS-RTK运用过程中的一些可行方法。     

MATLAB及其在重力基点网平差中的应用

MATLAB作为最优秀的数学软件之一，在国内外工程技术界产生愈来愈大的影响，其强大的数据计算和图形显示功能尤为突出。复杂的物探重力基点网平差计算通过用MATLAB的矩阵计算功能，变得简单易懂。而编制的MATLAB的M文件程序，计算快速准确。相信MATLAB在物探数据处理工作中将发挥重要的作用。     

Tensor time domain electromagnetic resistivity measurements at Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand

Experimental measurements in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, North Island, New Zealand were made to test the applicability of the time domain electromagnetic method for detailed investigation of the resistivity structure within a geothermal field. Low-frequency square wave signals were transmitted through three grounded bipole current sources sited about 8 km from the measurement lines. Despite high levels of electrical noise, transient electric field vectors could be determined reliably for times between 0.02 and 3.3 s after each step in the source current. Instantaneous apparent resistivity tensors were then calculated. Apparent resistivity pseudosections along the two measurement lines show smooth variations of resistivity from site to site. Over most of the field the images consistently show a three-layer resistivity structure with a conductive middle layer (3–10 Ωm) representing the conductive upper part of the thermal reservoir. A deep-seated region of low resistivity in the northwest of the field may indicate a conductive structure at about 1 km associated with a deeper diorite intrusion. Measurements sited closer than about 100 m to drillholes appear to have been disturbed by metallic casing in the holes. A change in resistivity structure in the east of the field may indicate a major geological or hydrothermal boundary.