Capturing Farmers’ Knowledge: Testing the Analytic Hierarchy Process and a Ranking and Scoring Method

Abstract

Integrating local and Indigenous knowledge into land-use planning and the assessment of ecosystems services requires reliable, quantitative data. We tested two approaches to obtain such data by quantifying farmer opinion of different land-covers in Eastern Panama using (1) the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and (2) a simpler ranking and scoring technique. Both methods produce a set of numerical values reflecting the ability of land-covers to deliver ecological and socio-economic criteria. We present our experience with both methods and offer recommendations for researchers looking to quantify landholder opinion. The AHP survey was relatively long (on average it took 19?min to complete per criterion) and we faced problems with inconsistent responses. In contrast, the ranking and scoring method was much quicker (only 3?min per criterion) and therefore may be more suitable for gathering more data from a larger number of farmers.     

长江上游生态服务功能区域差异研究

提出了生态服务功能及生态服务功能缺失的概念,明确了众多生态学术语之间的关系.并以长江上游为例,探讨生态系统服务功能的区域差异,即分析同一区域不同生态系统服务功能的差异和同一生态服务功能在不同区域贡献率的差异,为生态建设总体规划,重点生态工程选择和布局,生态建设时序确定等提供科学依据.     

国内外基本公共服务可达性研究进展

对基本公共服务可达性的概念进行归纳,梳理不同研究对象的可达性评价因子,并介绍近期评价基本公共服务可达性的主流方法及其应用,包括潜能模型法、两步移动搜寻法、核心密度法以及基于时间地理学的方法;对近年来我国基本公共服务可达性研究进行回顾与评述,指出基于个人行为的基本公共服务可达性研究、综合基本公共服务可达性研究、农村基本公共服务可达性研究值得我国学者进一步关注。     

基于GIS的南宁城市生态系统敏感性评价分析

通过建立南宁市区生态系统敏感性评价因子指标体系和利用AHP法确定评价因子权重,构建南宁城市生态系统敏感性综合评价模型,采用ArcGIS的空间叠加分析功能生成评价结果图,根据结果对南宁城市生态敏感性的空间分布特点做出分析,并提出相应对策,从而为建立相应的生态安全战略,实现南宁市区生态环境与社会经济可持续发展提供重要的决策支持依据。     

空间信息网络服务中的数据安全策略研究

以地理信息网络服务的安全策略为研究对象,根据我国空间数据生产到应用整个流程保密管理规定,研究地理空间数据在存储、分发、传输、表现以及与其他系统集成应用阶段上的安全策略,解决地理空间数据共享与空间数据安全之间的矛盾.     

公众气象服务满意度问卷调查分析

针对天气预报服务中的不足之处,通过对四川省气象服务满意度的调查评估,为今后提高气象信息在社会、经济等领域的应用提供参考。根据CSIWS测量模型,从受众对气象服务的评价、对气象信息的了解、对气象信息的理解、对气象服务的要求4方面进行调查。有效问卷结果分析表明：（1）公众对四川省“气象部门公众形象”的评价最高,满意度指数达到90．60％;（2）公众对“天气预报准确率”期望值最高,为4．13分;而满意度为3．30分,两者差距0．83分,说明表现尚达不到社会公众的期望值,今后在提高天气预报准确率方面仍需下大力气;（3）评价满意度指数平均值为85．60％,社会公众对气象部门公众形象评价比较高,其余指标的满意度指数都有待进一步提高,但提高的迫切程度各有差异。     

服务业与多维城镇化的耦合协调研究 ——以广州市为例

通过借鉴物理学耦合模型测算广州市服务业与综合城镇化及其子系统的耦合协调性,对不同层次内部耦合协调状态的特点以及服务业和城镇化协调发展的内在机制进行了深入探讨。研究发现：2000-2017 年,广州的服务业和综合城镇化水平大幅持续上升,二者整体协调发展态势良好,其耦合协调度跨度较大,由 0.171 0 增长到 0.974 1,从低协调耦合阶段上升至极耦合协调阶段。服务业与 4 类城镇化子系统的耦合结果显示：人口城镇化、经济城镇化和服务业的耦合协调度处于持续上升状态,而社会城镇化、空间城镇化,尤其是后者和服务业的耦合协调度的上升波动性相对较大;人口城镇化、社会城镇化、空间城镇化与服务业的良好耦合对综合城镇化与服务业的协调发展起拉动作用,而经济城镇化这一子系统则起阻滞作用;保持拉动优势,解决阻滞劣势是加快广州城市发展的良好路径。     

Evaluation on glaciers ecological services value in the Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China

Mountain glaciers, which perform a unique and irreplaceable ecological service, provide the material basis and characteristic cultural foundation of the ecological environment and sustainable socio-economic development in arid areas. However, few studies have estimated the service value of glaciers in regulating ecological environment and providing human welfare. According to the statistics of the First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (FCGI/SCGI), this study analyzed the variations in glacier area and ice volume in the Tianshan Mountains in China and modeled the ecosystem service function of mountain glaciers. The service value per unit area and equivalent factor methods were combined to determine the annual value of the ecological service provided by glaciers in the study area. The results show that: (1) In the period 1970–2010, the glacier area decreased by 1274 km² (the ratio of area shrinkage was 13.9%) and the annual average decrease in ice volume was 4.08×10⁹ m³. The increase in glacier area at high altitudes (> 5200 m) may be due to the fact that glacier accumulation caused by increasing precipitation is greater than glacier melting caused by rising temperatures. (2) The annual value of the ecological service provided by glaciers in the study area is 60.2 billion yuan. The values of climate regulation, hydrological regulation, and freshwater resource supply account for 66.4%, 21.6%, and 9.3% of the total value respectively. The annual value of the ecological service provided by hydroelectric power is 350 million yuan. (3) From a comparative analysis of the glaciers, forest, grassland and wetland ecosystems, the supply of freshwater resources/physical production and ecological regulation represent the main contributions of the four types of system, and the ecosystem service value of glaciers per unit area is higher than that of other types of ecosystem. This research will improve the understanding of the impact of glaciers on human welfare and maintenance of the ecological environment and will promote the ecological security of the cryosphere, environmental protection, and the sustainable use of resources.

     

地名地址数据省市联动更新方法探究

为了解决目前公众对地理信息公共服务平台地名地址数据现势性要求越来越高而传统基础测绘更新速度较慢、周期较长之间的矛盾,本文结合滨州市区的地名地址更新实例,探索了一种基于共享本底数据库的省、市联动协同更新策略,通过合理的任务区划分,按照统一的更新要求,实践有所侧重的核查更新策略,实现了地名地址数据的省、市协同共享,显著提高...     

基于自然格网索引的多尺度面实体增量级联更新方法

多尺度地理空间数据增量级联更新方法是增强地理空间数据的现势性的重要手段之一。级联更新包括多尺度数据匹配、关联关系建立、匹配与变化检测、增量信息制图综合、级联更新等步骤,其中,相邻比例尺数据匹配是多尺度数据关联关系建立的基本方法,也是实现级联更新的重要基础。针对现有方法中多尺度同名实体间的关联关系匹配的精度和效率问题,本文提出了基于自然格网索引的多尺度面实体增量级联更新方法。首先,检测出同源同尺度矢量空间数据发生变化的增量包;其次通过自然格网索引确定更新实体所在格网位置,并进行删除、自动或手动更新;最后实施制图综合、接边以及多尺度面实体增量级联更新信息传递操作。以赣州市虎山乡部分区域居民地要素为例,实验结果表明：(1)在匹配阈值为0.51的情况下,相较于直接匹配的方法,采用本文提出的自然格网索引方法进行匹配所消耗的时间减少了88.4%,查全率和查准率分别提升了5%和4%,充分说明了自然格网索引方法在匹配相邻尺度间地理要素时的必要性;(2)相较于传统的Hausdorff距离、欧式距离和质心包含3种匹配方法,本文所提出的方法在耗时（1.34 s）、查全率（66.5%）和查准率（94.1%）方...