A compound method for random noise attenuation

Random noise attenuation, preserving the events and weak features by improving signal‐to‐noise ratio and resolution of seismic data are the most important issues in geophysics. To achieve this objective, we proposed a novel seismic random noise attenuation method by building a compound algorithm. The proposed method combines sparsity prior regularization based on shearlet transform and anisotropic variational regularization. The anisotropic variational regularization which is based on the linear combination of weighted anisotropic total variation and anisotropic second‐order total variation attenuates noises while preserving the events of seismic data and it effectively avoids the fine‐scale artefacts due to shearlets from the restored seismic data. The proposed method is formulated as a convex optimization problem and the split Bregman iteration is applied to solve the optimization problem. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we test it on several synthetic seismic datasets and real datasets. Compared with three methods (the linear combination of weighted anisotropic total variation and anisotropic second‐order total variation, shearlets and shearlet‐based weighted anisotropic total variation), the numerical experiments indicate that the proposed method attenuates random noises while alleviating artefact and preserving events and features of seismic data. The obtained result also confirms that the proposed method improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio.     

Simulation of non-stationary ground motion processes(I)

Introduction Up to now,simulation of non-stationary ground motion processes in engineering usually is bygenerating stationary ground motion processes,then making them non-stationary by an enve-lope function(Amin and Ang,1968);and the envelope function is usually calculated based on sta-tistical analysis of ground motion records,and the stationary ground motion processes are simu-lated using filtering method,spectral representation method,or time domain method,etc.Because the envelope function …     

基于GIS的矿产勘查综合预测方法研究

从信息集成，成矿条件评价和综合预测三个方面讨论了基于ＧＩＳ的矿产勘查综合预测方法，并给出了系统的概念模型和总体设计。     

Salt body detection from seismic data via sparse representation

In seismic interpretation and seismic data analysis, it is of critical importance to effectively identify certain geologic formations from very large seismic data sets. In particular, the problem of salt characterization from seismic data can lead to important savings in time during the interpretation process if solved efficiently and in an automatic manner. In this work, we present a novel numerical approach that is able to automatically segmenting or identifying salt structures from a post‐stack seismic data set with a minimum intervention from the interpreter. The proposed methodology is based on the recent theory of sparse representation and consists in three major steps: first, a supervised learning assisted by the user which is performed only once, second a segmentation process via unconstrained ?₁ optimization, and finally a post‐processing step based on signal separation. Furthermore, since the second step only depends upon local information at each time, the whole process greatly benefits from parallel computing platforms. We conduct numerical experiments in a synthetic 3D seismic data set demonstrating the viability of our method. More specifically, we found that the proposed approach matches up to 98.53% with respect to the corresponding 3D velocity model available in advance. Finally, in appendixes A and B, we present a convergence analysis providing theoretical guarantees for the proposed method.     

Interactions between subgrid‐scale resolution,feature representation and grid‐scale resolution in flood inundation modelling

Numerical modelling of flood inundation over large and complex floodplains often requires mesh resolutions coarser than the structural features (e.g. buildings) that are known to influence the inundation process. Recent research has shown that this mismatch is not well represented by conventional roughness treatments, but that finer‐scale features can be represented through porosity‐based subgrid‐scale treatments. This paper develops this work by testing the interactions between feature representation, subgrid‐scale resolution and mesh resolution. It uses as the basis for this testing a 2D diffusion‐based flood inundation model which is applied to a 2004 flood event in a topologically complex upland floodplain in northern England. This study formulated simulations with different grid mesh resolution and subgrid mesh ratio. The sensitivity of the model to mesh resolution and roughness specification was investigated. Model validation and verification suggest that the subgrid treatment with higher subgrid mesh ratio can give much improved predictions of flood propagation, in particular, in terms of the predicted water depth. This study also highlighted the limitation of using at‐a‐point in time inundation extent for validation of flood models of this type. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震预报专家系统(ESEP/PC)中的证据可信度确定与类框架知识表示

本文根据实际地震预报中分析异常证据可信度的过程,提出了确定异常证据可信度的模型。指出异常证据的可信度可根据两类不同的影响因子(全局因子与局部因子)由证据可信度组合公式确定。据此在地震预报专家系统ESEP/PC中提出了“类框架”知识表示法。文中通过实例对应用中的有关问题进行了分析与讨论。     

The geography of regional websites: Regional representation and regional structure

Regional administrations present themselves in many different ways on the internet. A content analysis of regional websites in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany revealed this diversity. Geographical factors can partly explain these differences. Mapping the five principal aspects of the geographical representations of regional administrations revealed some spatial clusters. These regional representations are also linked to the geographical characteristics of regions. Competitive mid-sized regions focus more on economic items. Different types of peripheries vary much more in how they present themselves on the internet. The way regions present themselves is linked to the polarising influence of regional competition, but there is still considerable freedom for regions to present a distinct region image.     

基于样条函数对线状目标矢量化的表示

在分析遥感影像中提取的线状目标的基础上,利用样条插值函数,对提取的线状目标矢量化表示进行了研究。主要过程包括目标的分解、插值点的选取、插值函数的选择、特征点的增加等。实验结果表明,提出的方法能有效地表示提取的线状目标,减少数据冗余,具有好的光滑性。     

一种纸质航海图水深注记表示的新方法

针对由多波束测深手段和由单波束测深及其他传统测深手段获得的水深数据长期并存这一实际,在分析现行的纸质航海图水深注记表示方法存在不足的基础上,提出一种基于字符颜色扩展的海图水深注记表示新方法,即以绿色水深注记表示由多波束测深手段获得的水深数据,黑色水深注记表示由单波束测深及其他传统测深手段获得的水深数据。初步分析表明,这是一种简单、易行的方法,可在纸质航海图上有效实现对两类不同来源、具有显著质量差别的水深数据的表示,能更好地满足航海人员通过纸质航海图上的水深注记直观、准确地认知、重建和利用海底地形信息的需要。     

我国近岸多室草苔虫(Bugula neritina)的群体遗传分化研究

基于线粒体控制区序列和SLAF-seq,对重要药源生物多室草苔虫的群体遗传分化水平开展了研究。控制区序列中检测到8个单倍型,单倍型多样性（h）和核苷酸多样性（π）分别为0.130 7和0.000 7,单倍型网络图和NJ系统进化树的结构都较简单,无明显拓扑结构。中性检验和核苷酸不配对分析结果均表明多室草苔虫未经历过大规模群体扩张。F_st和AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要来自于群体内。SLAF建库共开发得到214 409个SLAF标签,其中多态性SLAF标签23 437个,共开发出99 432个SNP位点。群体间的遗传距离较小,且低于群体内的遗传距离。基于SNP所做的系统发育树和群体遗传结构分析表明,各群体之间没有显著的遗传结构。综上所述,我国沿海多室草苔虫的遗传多样性水平较低,不同地理群体之间不存在显著的遗传结构。多室草苔虫较强的扩散能力是造成上述结果的主要原因。另外,本研究还验证和讨论了SLAF-seq应用在海洋生物群体遗传分化研究中的可行性和优势。