遥感影像超分辨率重建的字典学习类算法

近年来基于字典学习的超分辨率重建技术已成为图像处理领域的研究热点,相比基于重建的超分辨率方法,基于学习的方法充分利用了先验知识,在放大倍数较高时,仍可取得较好的效果,因此被公认为一种非常有前途的方法。本文对国内外已有的基于字典学习的超分辨率重建方法进行了系统研究,梳理了3种基于字典学习超分重建算法的基本原理及优缺点。此外,本文根据遥感影像的特点,使用同一数据源进行字典学习,利用不同字典学习算法分别生成高、低联合字典对,采用不同尺寸大小及缩放倍数的测试图像,进行超分辨率重建,对各种算法的重建性能、鲁棒性和复杂度进行综合分析,进一步研究了各种算法对遥感影像不同应用需求的适用性。     

Unveiling movement uncertainty for robust trajectory similarity analysis

Trajectory data analysis and mining require distance and similarity measures, and the quality of their results is directly related to those measures. Several similarity measures originally proposed for time-series were adapted to work with trajectory data, but these approaches were developed for well-behaved data that usually do not have the uncertainty and heterogeneity introduced by the sampling process to obtain trajectories. More recently, similarity measures were proposed specifically for trajectory data, but they rely on simplistic movement uncertainty representations, such as linear interpolation. In this article, we propose a new distance function, and a new similarity measure that uses an elliptical representation of trajectories, being more robust to the movement uncertainty caused by the sampling rate and the heterogeneity of this kind of data. Experiments using real data show that our proposal is more accurate and robust than related work.     

空-谱信息与稀疏表示相结合的高光谱遥感影像分类

针对传统的高光谱遥感影像分类中多依赖光谱信息而忽视空间信息以及提取的特征维数高的问题,提出了一种空-谱信息与稀疏表示相结合的分类算法。首先,利用最小噪声分离对原始影像进行降维,在此基础上,对主成分图上局部影像块内的所有像素进行重组,并用排序的方法得到旋转不变的空-谱特征。然后,对空-谱特征进行监督学习得到字典,并将提取的测试样本的空-谱特征编码到字典中以得到测试样本的稀疏表示。最后,使用支持向量机分类器(SVM)对高光谱影像进行分类。3组高光谱数据试验表明,与传统的分类方法比较,本文方法能有效提高分类精度。     

科尔沁典型沙区专题图形库系统的建立及查询设计

以建立沙漠化环境信息系统核心问题之一的专题图形库为出发点,对利用ＵＴｅｋ工作站及微机建立沙漠化专题图库的技术进行了探讨。建立了科尔沁典型沙区土地结构类型三个时期两级专题图形库,并对库信息的查询方法作了较详细的介绍。     

基于多尺度空间地图数据库实现区间无级比例尺地图制图的研究

结合实际应用,以实现某区间无级比例尺地图制图为出发点,研究了多尺度空间地图数据库的建立和维护更新方法,开发了基于多尺度空间地图数据库制作区间无级比例尺地图的地图制图系统。     

地图上曲线长度归算的分形方法研究

提出了一种基于分形理论的地图曲线长度归算方法，并给出了应用实例，为曲线长度归算的客观化、自动化提供了新的途径。     

海岸线形态的表达与自动综合

由于数字海图中海岸线的重要性及对海图自动综合的迫切需求,本文针对国内外一些对线状目标的自动综合方法中存在的弊端,提出了一种新的海岸线自动综合模式——空间图形的表达、识别与综合。并通过试验验证了该方法的有效性及可行性。     

Disentangling hominin and carnivore activities near a spring at FLK North (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)

FLK North is one of the densest concentrations of fossils found in Olduvai Gorge. A recent taphonomic re-evaluation of the collection excavated by Leakey at the site suggests that it was a palimpsest in which most of the animals were accumulated and modified by carnivores. The lithic tools therefore seem to have an independent depositional history from most of the fauna. The present study, based on new excavations, expands the evidence supporting this interpretation and demonstrates a thicker deposit than was reported by Leakey, including new archaeological levels. It also shows that in the few instances where hominins butchered carcasses, meat, not marrow, was their main target. This argues against passive scavenging hypotheses, which emphasize the dietary role of marrow, and instead underscores the importance of meat in the diet of early Pleistocene hominins.     

Multi-scale representation of building feature in urban GIS

This paper aims at multiscale representation of urban GIS, presenting a model to dynamically generalize the building on the basis of Delaunay triangulation model. Considering the constraints of position accuracy, statistical area balance and orthogonal characteristics in building cluster generalization, this paper gives a progressive algorithm of building cluster aggregation, including conflict detection (where), object (who) displacement, and geometrical combination operation (how). The algorithm has been realized in an interactive generalization system and some experiment illustrations are provided.     

Urban fluvial flood modelling using a two‐dimensional diffusion‐wave treatment,part 2: development of a sub‐grid‐scale treatment

This paper develops and tests a sub‐grid‐scale wetting and drying correction for use with two‐dimensional diffusion‐wave models of urban flood inundation. The method recognizes explicitly that representations of sub‐grid‐scale topography using roughness parameters will provide an inadequate representation of the effects of structural elements on the floodplain (e.g. buildings, walls), as such elements not only act as momentum sinks, but also have mass blockage effects. The latter may dominate, especially in structurally complex urban areas. The approach developed uses high‐resolution topographic data to develop explicit parameterization of sub‐grid‐scale topographic variability to represent both the volume of a grid cell that can be occupied by the flow and the effect of that variability upon the timing and direction of the lateral fluxes. This approach is found to give significantly better prediction of fluvial flood inundation in urban areas than traditional calibration of sub‐grid‐scale effects using Manning's n. In particular, it simultaneously reduces the need to use exceptionally high values of n to represent the effects of using a coarser mesh process representation and increases the sensitivity of model predictions to variation in n. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.