土地利用空间格局的图形信息表达初步研究

土地利用表现为在自然要素和人类活动的综合作用下的一系列异质性的图形。不同的土地利用空间格局的地学形成机制、生态功能、演化方向和对环境的影响各不相同,其空间图形也千差万别。运用景观生态学原理、地理图形信息理论,以位于中国北方农牧交错带的吉林省前郭县作为研究区,在GIS的支持下,归纳、抽象了各主要土地利用类型斑块形状及其描述参数,探讨了土地利用空间格局和空间分布的表达方法(VCM曲线),实现了土地利用空间格局图形的数量化描述和分析。其结果为从图形信息机理的角度研究土地利用格局的地学形成机制及生态功能、时空演化等方面奠定了基础     

APPROXIMATE REPRESENTATION OF THE p-NORM DISTRIBUTION

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制图综合中等高线相交的判断和消除

在线性综合中，人们总是先假设结果不产生自相交，但在实际应用中，由于算法或限差的选择不当都可能会引起曲线的相交或自相交，如等高线的综合。文章针对此问题介绍了一种基于单调链的划分来判断曲线自相关的算法，进而推广到判断曲线的相交；同时文章结合等高线的具体情况，提出了等高线综合中相交消除的解决方法。     

厄尔尼诺年和反厄尔尼诺年北半球500hPa非绝热热流量场的特征

本文应用谱方法,诊断、计算了1964—1985年间,6个厄尔尼诺年和6个反厄尔尼诺年北半球月、季大气非绝热热流量距平场。结果表明:厄尔尼诺现象对大气非绝热热流量距平场具有显著影响,大气的响应表现为低纬和中高纬非绝热热流量正负距平中心有组织的优势排列,其位相或强度存在低频振荡,并且差值中心表现为双月周期。反厄尔尼诺年,大气具有分布不变,但距平中心基本上为反位相的响应形式。最后,通过海气相关分析,指出了海温异常是决定大气非绝热热流量异常的最重要的原因。     

遥感专题制图中图斑综合的跟踪统计法

本文介绍了遥感影像分类以后利用微机进行图像制图综合的一种方法。通过这一方法,制图人员可以根据需要,方便、自由地控制综合的程度,实现对各种图斑数量特征的综合。它对及时、充分地处理分类后的像元集,提高机助制图系统自动化水平,以及生成新的矢量图斑,快速输入地理信息系统的数据库,都有着重要的意义。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Political ecology, territoriality and scale

This essay serves as an introduction to this theme issue of GeoJournal and provides a framework for the contributed papers. Territoriality and scale, the essay argues, offer key analytics in approaching the spatiality of the ecological existence of human and non-human beings in their common `house' (oikos), thus of culture-nature relations generally. Such a focus, it bears emphasis, need not reproduce a naturalization of the modern culture-nature binary, but could, as is argued, remind `we moderns' that there is not only one nature (as little as there is only one culture), but a plurality of natures, which can serve the most varied of purposes. However, these spatialities do usually not and can very often not correspond to the spatialities of human activities, particularly to the territorialities and their orders/structures of scale in politico-administrative activities. The scalar literature within political geography, however, has for the most part seen its role as addressing human social relations in its analysis of contestations over power, space, and territory. A political ecology of scale, by contrast, will of necessity need to broaden the terrain of that discussion to include a variety of actors, human and non-human, involved in this broader network. Environmental conservation offers an important illustration of this problematic. A territorial, scalar, and non-modern understanding of ecological regimes is neccesary, argues this essay and the bundle of case studies that follow, because there is no `conservation' outside of a particular politics and geography of ecology.     

大比例尺地形图交互式综合系统数据库平台的建立

在论述交互式综合环境研究的重要意义及大比例尺地形图特点的基础上，采用人机协同的地图缩幅方式，将复杂的地图综合过程分解，合理地进行了人机分工，设计与实现了大比例尺地形图交互综合系统的数据管理平台。实践证明，利用该数据库平台建立的综合系统适用于人机协同的作业方式，可以顺利地，交互式地完成地图缩编工作，减轻了作业强度，提高了作业精度。     

A Commentary on the Use of Touch for Accessing On‐Screen Spatial Representations: The Process of Experiencing Haptic Maps and Graphics

The growth of the Internet and the digital revolution have meant increased reliance on electronic representations of information. Geospatial information has been readily adapted to the world of cyberspace, and most Web pages incorporate graphics, images, or maps to represent spatial and spatialized data. But flat computer screens do not facilitate a map or graph experience by those who are visually impaired. The traditional method for compensating for nonvisual access to maps and graphics has been to construct hard‐copy tactile maps. In this article, we examine an electronic accommodation for nonvisual users—the haptic map. Using new and off‐the‐shelf hardware—force feedback and vibrotactile mice—we explore how touch can be combined with virtual representations of shapes and patterns to enable nonvisual access to onscreen map or graphic material.