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901.
C. LOUMAGNE M. NORMAND M. RIFFARD A. WEISSE A. QUESNEY S. LE HÉGARAT-MASCLE 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):89-102
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology set up to derive catchment soil moisture from Earth Observation (EO) data using microwave spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from ERS satellites and to study the improvements brought about by an assimilation of this information into hydrological models. The methodology used to derive EO data is based on the appropriate selection of land cover types for which the radar signal is mainly sensitive to soil moisture variations. Then a hydrological model is chosen, which can take advantage of the new information brought by remote sensing. The assimilation of soil moisture deduced from EO data into hydrological models is based principally on model parameter updating. The main assumption of this method is that the better the model simulates the current hydrological system, the better the following forecast will be. Another methodology used is a sequential one based on Kalman filtering. These methods have been put forward for use in the European AIMWATER project on the Seine catchment upstream of Paris (France) where dams are operated to alleviate floods in the Paris area. 相似文献
902.
Roland Schmidt Kaarina Weckström Stefan Lauterbach Richard Tessadri Kerstin Huber 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(1):40-50
High‐resolution multi‐proxy analyses of a sediment core section from Lake Jeserzersee (Saissersee) in the piedmont lobe of the Würmian Drau glacier (Carinthia, Austria) reveal pronounced climatic oscillations during the early late glacial (ca. 18.5–16.0k cal a BP). Diatom‐inferred epilimnetic summer water temperatures show a close correspondence with temperature reconstructions from the adjacent Lake Längsee record and, on a hemispheric scale, with fluctuations of ice‐rafted debris in the North Atlantic. This suggests that North Atlantic climate triggered summer climate variability in the Alps during the early late glacial. The expansion of pine (mainly dwarf pine) between ca. 18.5 and 18.1k cal a BP indicates warming during the so‐called ‘Längsee oscillation’. The subsequent stepwise climate deterioration between ca. 18.1 and 17.6k cal a BP culminated in a tripartite cold period between ca. 17.6 and 16.9k cal a BP with diatom‐inferred summer water temperatures 8.5–10 °C below modern values and a shift from wet to dry conditions. This period probably coincides with a major Alpine glacier advance termed the Gschnitz stadial. A warmer interval between ca. 16.9 and 16.4k cal a BP separates this cold phase from a second, shorter and less pronounced cold phase between ca. 16.4 and 16.0k cal a BP, which is thought to correlate with the Clavadel/Senders glacier advance in the Alps. The following temperature increase, coupled with wet (probably snow‐rich) conditions, caused the expansion of birch during the transition period to the late glacial interstadial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
903.
Quantitative pyrolysis-gas chromatography has been performed on 96 kerogen samples isolated from 17 wells on the Norwegian Continental shelf. Petrographic and bulk geochemical measurements were also performed on the samples, and a combined data set of 117 variables for each sample was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA). This approach provides an objective and reproducible means of kerogen characterisation, which can be easily automated. In addition to objective kerogen characterisation and facile visualisation of facies and maturity related chemical trends, the method has the potential to allow objective prediction of key geochemical parameters such as maturity level from pyrogram data. 相似文献
904.
D. M. Morrison 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(3-4):619-645
Microseismic systems at five mines in the Sudbury Basin provide the basic data for Falconbridge Limited's rockburst research. Daily and long-term analysis of this data as well as underground observations have confirmed the fault-slip mechanism at three mines. A detailed analysis of the complete history of Falconbridge Mine is being conducted and Distinct Element numerical models are being used to simulate both the stick-slip behaviour of faults and the dynamic effects of the induced vibrations on rock and backfill. University research includes acoustic tomographic imaging of the rock mass based on seismic wave propagation and collection of full microseismic waveforms to allow application of advanced seismic and statistical analysis techniques.Formerly with Mines Technical Services, Falconbridge Limited, Sudbury Operations, Falconbridge , Ont., P0M 1S0.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal, Canada, August 30, 1987. 相似文献
905.
原始数据误差对放样点精度影响的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
孔祥元 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1988,(2)
本文在文献[3]的基础上,进一步探讨了工程测量中原始数据误差对放样点精度影响的问题。首先,讨论了施工控制网中原始数据误差存在的形式、特点以及它们对放样点精度影响的传播规律,并建立了关于相对放样点位精度的矩阵公式。在此基础上,对现有的几种常用放样方法中原始数据误差的影响进行了分析和计算。结果表明,在施工放样测量工作中,应该密切注视原始数据误差的影响,并对此问题提出一些合理的建议。 相似文献
906.
R. R. Kelkar 《Journal of Earth System Science》1993,102(1):271-281
This paper discusses the use of satellite data for studying climate change, with particular emphasis on the inter-annual variability
of the Indian southwest monsoon. Precipitation estimates made from INSAT-1B radiance data are shown to bring out the variations
that occurred in the monsoon rainfall of 1987 and 1988. Outgoing Longwave Radiation derived from INSAT-1B shows good correspondence
with precipitation patterns. 相似文献
907.
908.
国家气象中心数值预报业务的进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在最近的15年中,国家气象中心的数值预报业务高速度发展,预报模式从北半球模式发展为全球谱模式,并配套建立了资料同化系统和用于降水预报的有限区预报模式,暴雨和台风预报模式正在研制中。目前数值预报时效已延至7天,T6393丙上时的预报水平已优于的数值预报产品的应用技术在不断改进,最高(低)气温下两天MOS预报精度已接近预报员制作的综合预报结果。 相似文献
909.
The influence of the attenuation model used in seismic hazard assessment in terms of intensity and acceleration is studied. For two sites in central Italy, the catalogue of the actual observed intensities during the last three centuries has been recovered. In the study region, the data collected during a recent seismic sequence give the basis for relating intensity and acceleration. The results show the importance of establishing statistical relationships among the used quantities, based on a representative set of data. 相似文献
910.
设计城市地貌图应注重城市地貌在建城区、边缘区和城市经济辐射区范围内的区域分异规律。编制城市地貌图应遵循:环境功能,应用性,突出重点和图面协调三个原则。据此编制了成都市1:6500建城区,1:5万边缘区和1:20万城市经济辐射区三种城市地貌图。 相似文献