导航电子地图和国家安全

简要介绍了电子地图及导航电子地图的概念、特点、用途,借鉴当今和历史事例说明两者对国家安全的重要性,进一步论述如何加强对导航电子地图的管理,建议通过宣传教育以提高人们的国家安全意识。     

Galileo系统导航电文介绍

对Galileo卫星导航系统所要使用的导航电文进行介绍，详细介绍其导航电文的结构、内容、参数与相关定义，并对GPS和Galileo两种卫星导航系统所使用的导航电文的并同进行了比较。     

Modeling errors in upward continuation for INS gravity compensation

Accurate upward continuation of gravity anomalies supports future precision, free-inertial navigation systems, since the latter cannot by themselves sense the gravitational field and thus require appropriate gravity compensation. This compensation is in the form of horizontal gravity components. An analysis of the model errors in upward continuation using derivatives of the standard Pizzetti integral solution (spherical approximation) shows that discretization of the data and truncation of the integral are the major sources of error in the predicted horizontal components of the gravity disturbance. The irregular shape of the data boundary, even the relatively rough topography of a simulated mountainous region, has only secondary effect, except when the data resolution is very high (small discretization error). Other errors due to spherical approximation are even less important. The analysis excluded all measurement errors in the gravity anomaly data in order to quantify just the model errors. Based on a consistent gravity field/topographic surface simulation, upward continuation errors in the derivatives of the Pizzetti integral to mean altitudes of about 3,000 and 1,500 m above the mean surface ranged from less than 1 mGal (standard deviation) to less than 2 mGal (standard deviation), respectively, in the case of 2 arcmin data resolution. Least-squares collocation performs better than this, but may require significantly greater computational resources.     

导航卫星原子钟频率漂移特性分析

介绍了原子钟频漂定义，总结了频率漂移率测试评定方法，比较分析了不同噪声情况下的频率漂移率估计方法，并用实验室真空状态铷钟的频率偏差数据和GPS卫星钟的精密星历数据进行了计算分析，表明铷钟都有明显频漂，GPSIIR铷钟的日漂移率在10^-15。量级，而铯钟频漂不是很明显。研究了频漂对原子钟时域稳定性影响规律，还利用模拟数据进行了计算分析。验证了方法的有效性．     

基于导航卫星的数字地图传输协议设计与性能分析

本文就利用导航卫星的电文通信功能，进行大数据量数字地图数据传输的通信协议进行了论述。提出了等待式ARQ和选择重发式ARQ相结合的ARQ协议，介绍了该协议的基本思想，详细分析了协议性能并给出了实现协议的算法流程。     

导航卫星的单星定轨

本文对导航卫星的单星定轨进行了初步探讨，针对单星定轨时卫星钟钟差和接收机钟钟差难以处理的特点，提出了定轨的同时解算测站距离偏差和采用平均距离变化率进行定轨两种方案，采用GPS的实测数据试验计算表明，两种计算方案均能初步完成单星定轨任务。     

导航卫星自主定轨中系统误差△Ω和△t的消除方法

为了消除利用星间距离或速度观测值进行自主定轨时可能存在的卫星星座整体旋转和卫星钟差整体漂移的误差，提出利用单点定位的方法来研究并消除上述两项误差。当导航卫星整体旋转△Ω角时，单点定位所求得的测站经度也会偏移△Ω角，据此就能用具有精确地面坐标的控制点来测定△Ω角。当各卫星钟中均舍有系统误差△t时，利用单点定位所求得的接收机钟差中也会出现同样的误差，通过与标准时间比对就能测定△t值。算倒结果表明，该方法是有效的，可行的。     

Practical Experiences with Films, Cameras and Navigation Systems

The first author commenced his experiences with aerial photography in 1945, when he joined the Royal Air Force (RAF). The aerial cameras used at that time were the Williamson F24 and F52, with Ilford HP3 and FP3 panchromatic films. Subsequently the Williamson F95 camera was tested against the USAF Sonne 11 camera. During his final years in the RAF, a variety of film types was employed: colour, monochrome infra-red and false colour infra-red. Additional experience was gained when the author was employed by the International Training Centre (ITC), The Netherlands and he saw the further development of the air camera from the Wild RC8 and Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK 15/23 to the Wild RC20, Zeiss (Jena) LMK and Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK TOP. He predicts that the future lies with digital cameras.
The second author started working with aerial photography in the 1950s. Details are given of cameras, visual navigation sights and survey aircraft dating from that period. Overseas operations, carried out mainly by Hunting Surveys and Fairey Surveys, posed particular problems because the majority of the work there was undertaken without the aid of existing maps. The introduction of external navigation systems is described, from the Decca ship navigation system, through the GNS-200 VLF/Omega low frequency radio system to INS, the Inertial Navigation System. The author later joined the ITC, which enabled him to participate in trials of the Computer-controlled Photo Navigation System. Eventually practical experience was gained with differential GPS, particularly in countries in southeast Asia. Aerial photography currently appears to benefit less from financial investment than the photographic, aviation and survey industries. However, the satisfaction of making a significant contribution to major overseas development projects outweighs the frustration of lack of acceptance of plans for the future of the air survey industry.     

面向自动车辆定位与导航系统的数字地图数据库系统

讨论了生成AVLN数字地图及相应数据库所必须采集的信息。重点分析了AVLN系统中几个依赖数字地图的功能。     

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