Detection of 36 antibiotics in coastal waters using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines (TCs), sulfanilamides (SAs), and quinolones (QLs). The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to determine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems.     

高光谱影像的M-ICA地物识别算法与应用

高光谱遥感能以纳米量级宽度的窄波段及多达数百个的波段,对目标进行连续的光谱成像,但其海量数据及相邻波段高度相关造成的数据冗余却制约着它的应用.因此,对高光谱遥感影像分类须进行有效的处理、寻找最优特征,以增强地物的最大可分性.本文首先针对EO-4 Hyperion高光谱影像波段维数高,相关性强和数据量大等特点,利用独立成...     

Arc Hydro Tools及多源DEM提取河网与精度分析——以洮儿河流域为例

本文简要分析了HYDRO1K、SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM 3种数据源基本特征,对数据的水平空间分辨率、现势性、覆盖范围、误差来源进行了比较;阐述了Arc Hydro Tools提取数字河网、划分流域及子流域方法的关键步骤;并以洮儿河流域为研究对象,分析了有(无)河网辅助条件下,3种初始DEM在不同地貌类型中数...     

Evidence for a geochemical origin of the mysterious circles in the Pro-Namib desert

The origin of the so-called “fairy circles” has not yet been established. Carbon monoxide (as an indicator of a natural gas microseep) was monitored inside and outside of the selected fairy circles in the Namib, Namibia, Southern Africa. Hydrocarbons were extracted from the soil by a novel method for trapping analytes onto silicone rubber designed for thermal desorption into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Unresolved complex mixtures with resolvable alkanes were detected in soil collected from two newly formed circles. Alkenes, the microbial degradation product of alkanes (microbial food source), were more abundant in the circles compared to the levels of alkenes detected in the matrix between circles. Results show a microseepage of gases and hydrocarbons which is expressed at the surface as a geobotanical anomaly of barren circles and circles of altered vegetation. In addition, this finding may suggest a new approach to the origin of the mima mounds (heuweltjies) of the Western Cape in South Africa.     

顾及语义差异的基础地理信息客户数据库更新实施模型

客户数据库更新就是利用新版基础地理数据库中更新变化的要素信息,对客户数据库进行相应的级联更新,以使其具有良好现势性的过程。现有研究大多侧重于基础地理数据库更新信息的分发与提供,而没有充分考虑语义差异环境下如何高效实施客户数据库更新的具体问题。针对此,该文概括了基础地理数据库与其客户数据库之间潜在的各种语义差异;从实施效率、数据完备性、一致性、正确性等方面,分析描述了语义差异给更新实施过程带来的不利影响;最后依据语义映射和转换理论,提出了由语义匹配、变化提取、更新集成3种基本操作组成的更新实施模型,并阐述了3种基本操作的执行策略和关键环节。     

提取垂直形变信息时富氏系数及其阶数的合理选取

用富里叶分析提取垂直形变信息,是值得进一步研究的课题。本文主要讨论了两个问题:1)采样点间距与可能得到的富氏系数的最高阶数;2)如何获取合理的富氏系数。     

遥感影像上线状目标自动提取研究现状与思考

自动识别遥感影像上的目标，快速、准确地获取所需信息是遥感数据处理的主要发展方向。从分析遥感影像上道路的基本特征出发，探讨了道路提取的基本思想，总结了国内外关于道路半自动提取的现状，综述了常用的提取算法，提出了对该问题的思考和进一步研究的设想。     

Recharge of aquifers by flood events in an arid region

The process of aquifer recharge by flood events in an arid region was investigated as applied to the Hazeva Formation (the Karkom graben, the Wadi Paran watershed, Israel). The hydrological model was established as a complex system, with due regard for groundwater and transmission losses of surface runoff. It was based on a previously outlined hydrogeological model of the Karkom graben and a model of transmission losses in arid watercourses under conditions of data deficiency. Proceeding from calculation of groundwater balances, the contribution of surface runoff as a decisive balance component was confirmed. The main characteristics of aquifer regimes, such as changes in storage volume and groundwater level, as well as lateral flow, were all found to be dependent upon the net extraction rate, i.e. pumpage discounting replenishment by flood events. Analysis and physical interpretation of model parameters enabled assessment of the influence of groundwater extraction on aquifer recharge. This became apparent as increasing absorption capacity and recharge availability of the aquifer as a result of the groundwater abstraction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

总状蕨藻多糖提取工艺的研究

采用酶法提取与热水抽提相结合的方法研究了总状蕨藻多糖的提取工艺，结果显示，采用固液质量比1：10，蛋白酶用量136．5U／g，于60气下酶法提取2．5h后，再将固液质量比调至1：20，在温度95气：条件下继续进行热水提取2．5h，多糖得率为6．7％，比单用热水提取法提高了131．0％。     

Towards biomarker analysis of hydrocarbons trapped in individual fluid inclusions: First extraction by ErYAG laser

Fluid inclusions act as sealed vessels containing information about the fluid environment in which the minerals precipitated, and until decrepitated, the chemical composition of the fluid inside the inclusion stays intact. In many cases fluid inclusions contain trapped hydrocarbons, which may provide useful information in paleontological, organic geochemical and astrobiological research since they act as containers of non-contaminated organic matter with a defined minimum age. Here we present a novel concept for extraction of fluid inclusions in preparation for application to extract single fluid inclusions. The method is based on the illumination of a sample with an ErYAG laser (). The wavelength of the laser is absorbed by water and organic material, and with the minerals encapsulating the inclusions transparent to the wavelength, the fluid will expand and the inclusion will decrepitate. The initial results of our study demonstrate that fluid inclusions can be extracted by the use of an ErYAG laser, and that organic biomarkers may survive the process, readily available for GC–MS analysis.