Deriving vulnerability curves using Italian earthquake damage data

The concerted effort to collect earthquake damage data in Italy over the past 30 years has led to the development of an extensive database from which vulnerability predictions for the Italian building stock can be derived. A methodology to derive empirical vulnerability curves with the aforementioned data is presented herein and the resulting curves have been directly compared with mechanics-based vulnerability curves. However, it has been found that a valid comparison between the empirical and analytical vulnerability curves is not possible mainly due to a number of shortcomings in the database of surveyed buildings. A detailed discussion of the difficulties in deriving vulnerability curves from the current observed damage database is thus also presented.     

汶川8.0级地震北川县城区灾害调查与分析

2008年5月12日发生了汶川8．0级特大地震,震后作者深入地震重灾区开展了震害现场调查工作。利用现场调查得到的第一手资料,分析了极震区北川县城区的震害现象,发现山坡和河岸滑坡、断层地表破裂以及柔底层结构底层破坏所导致的结构严重破坏和倒塌是城区的主要震害现象,同时看到仍然有一些砌体结构建筑震害较轻,处于轻微或中等破坏,甚至基本完好状态。这些震害现象展示了山区地震灾害的基本特征和复杂性。     

建筑物沉降观测方法及常见问题的处理

简要介绍了建筑物沉降观测的常用方法,并结合南宁市民生广场沉降观测的工作实践,详细分析了沉降观测中常见的问题及其处理方法。     

建筑联合体整体平移的基础处理技术

结构整体平移技术为旧城改造提供了一种新的技术手段。以焦作矿务局建筑联合体的平移为工程背景,详细地介绍了建筑联合体平移过程中的基础处理技术,包括平移前对旧基础的改造、行走基础的设计和平移后新基础的设计和新地基的处理,特别地分析了上部结构框架柱与后浇混凝土基盘之间的冲切薄弱面的冲切破坏机理,并提出了抗冲切的设计方法,通过试验研究和有限元分析,说明所采取的技术措施是可行的。     

Analytical model for the prediction of building deflections induced by ground movements

The objective of this study is to develop an analytical model that can predict the building‐relevant deflections induced by tunnelling or mining subsidence. The model takes into account soil–structure interactions due to differences in stiffness between the ground and the building. The ground is modelled by the Winkler model with an initial ground curvature equivalent to the free‐field ground movements. The building is modelled by a horizontal beam with uniform loading. The static and cinematic equilibrium of both the ground and the building are then calculated to assess the final building and ground shape, and the building deflection is derived. The resulting analytical model is used to investigate the influence of the ground and the building's mechanical properties, the building load and the initial value of the free‐field ground curvature (hogging or sagging). The model appears to be more comprehensive than those reported elsewhere that address the problem with numerical models. In particular, the analytical model makes it possible to distinguish two different final situations—with continuous or discontinuous contact between the ground and the building. The model is compared with numerical results and used to analyse a case study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天津地区深基坑开挖对历史建筑的影响分析

随着城市化进程的推进,城市中历史建筑的保护日益受到重视。城市中修建深基坑工程,不可避免的会对周边历史建筑产生影响。结合天津地区深基坑工程实例,分析了历史建筑受深基坑开挖影响的破坏机理,认为基坑周边土体不均匀沉降是引起历史建筑破坏的重要原因。同时,根据监测结果,分析了天津地区历史建筑的变形规律,探讨了减小建筑物变形的措施,可为类似工程提供参考。     

建筑物形状特征分析表达与自适应化简方法EI北大核心CSCD

建筑物化简是地图制图领域关注的热点问题之一。集成不同算法构建形状特征自适应的化简模型是应对建筑物多样化形态的有效策略,但当前相关研究主要从局部结构模式或化简结果评价展开,缺乏对形状结构的整体分析视角和深层次认知。本文提出一种深度学习支持下的形状自适应建筑物化简方法。首先,利用图卷积自编码网络对建筑物形状进行深度认知,提取隐含在边界节点分布中的形状特征并进行编码表达;然后,通过监督学习方法建立形状编码与化简算法之间的映射关系,从而实现依据输入建筑物的形状特征选择适宜化简算法的自适应机制。试验表明,本文方法的化简结果在位置、方向、面积和形状保持指标上总体优于单一算法,具备较好的理论与应用价值。     

NFPA规范对火电厂结构设计的影响分析

本文比较研究了NFPA5000-2006(美国防火规范)和GB50229-2006《火力发电厂和变电站设计防火规范》的差异,并简要分析了其对海外工程设计的影响及可采用的防火措施。     

大直径钢管斜桩全断面冲击成孔嵌岩桩的工程应用

通过大直径钢管斜桩全断面冲击成孔嵌岩桩在中奥能源集团舟山六横PX储运项目的应用,介绍了全断面斜桩嵌岩冲击成孔的工艺流程、冲击成孔常见事故处理,全断面斜桩嵌岩冲击成孔工艺在海域码头基础施工领域的成功运用说明其具有广阔的应用前景。     

多层砌体结构房屋设计要点及常见问题

多层砌体结构房屋由于其材料呈脆性的特点,抗震性能比较差。但由于其造价低,施工周期短,施工工艺简单,在我国中小城市的民用建筑和大部分农村建筑中仍普遍采用,因此,设计时仍须高度重视。只有掌握设计要点,妥善处理各环节的问题,才能切实提高设计质量。