地质导向技术在煤层气水平井中的应用——以柳林区块某多分支水平井为例

地质导向技术能有效提高煤层气水平井施工成功率和煤层钻遇率,但由于其具有导向参数多、工艺要求高、易受地质因素影响等特点,使其在实际应用中还存在诸多难点。以柳林区块内某多分支水平井为例,针对该井现场地质导向作业面临的资料缺乏、参数受欠平衡钻进干扰、煤层结构复杂等难点,建立合适的地质导向模型,优选合理的导向参数和导向系统,对地质导向技术在实际应用中的工艺与流程进行了系统论述。实践表明,地质导向技术在该井的应用效果良好:煤层钻遇率达到了93.1%;截至目前,该井的产气量达8600m3/d,且还在进一步提升。     

各向异性矿化特征的分析与模拟 及其在储量估算中的应用

矿化作用往往是地质事件及局部过程共同作用的结果,导致矿体空间形态复杂多变、矿石品位呈各向异性、尺度不一的非线性空间变异模式.传统方法无论是在矿石量的计算方面还是在矿块内平均品位的确定上都存在多种误差,并且无法实现信息的动态管理及直观表达.文章以安庆铜矿中心矿区为例,采用对数块kriging与三维地学模拟技术相结合的方法...     

Quantitative characterization of different coal rank reservoirs permeability based on NMR and X-CT technology

With the increasing development of coalbed methane (CBM) field, the quantitative characterization and evaluation of coal reservoir physical properties is becoming more and more important to CBM scale development. In order to solve the limitations of conventional methods for testing coal reservoir physical properties, the authors used the high-tech technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance technology and CT scanning technology to effectively solve the problems of in-situ and integrity of rock samples and acquire the porosity and permeability. Nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scanning experiments of coal samples were carried out to rapidly obtain the pore type, pore size distribution and connectivity, effective porosity, spatial distribution of pore fissures and other refined coal reservoir physical parameters, based on the samples of middle and low rank coal in Shenfu block and high rank coal in Shizhuangnan block. So a set of quantitative characterization analysis technology that can be applied to coal reservoirs with different coal rank was formed.     

利用背景噪声反演鄂尔多斯块体及其南缘地区地壳速度结构

文中利用分布在鄂尔多斯块体及其南部周缘地区的53 个宽频带地震固定台站的连续波形记录,采用双台互相关计算 方法由背景噪声提取瑞利波格林函数,经时频分析获得相速度和群速度频散曲线,并分别计算了汾渭地堑、秦岭北缘、鄂 尔多斯块体内部和六盘山地区4 个不同构造区的平均频散曲线,进而反演了各构造区的地壳上地幔一维横波速度结构。结 果显示：地壳厚度在汾渭地堑为34 km,在秦岭北缘地区和鄂尔多斯块体均为40 km,在六盘山地区最厚,达49~50 km;相 应的上地幔顶部横波速度分别为4.20,4.2,4.30 和4.15 km/s;地壳内结构浅部特征差异最大,在地壳中部六盘山地区的速 度较低,下部地壳不同地区的波速较一致。     

Ultramafic Blocks in Sumdo Region, Lhasa Block, Eastern Tibet Plateau: An Ophiolite Unit

Recently, an over 100 kin long MORB-type eclogite belt of Permian was discovered in the Sumdo (松多) region of the Lhasa block, Tibet. A critical question thus is: what is the tectonic setting of the eclogite belt and is it related to an unrecognized suture in the region? Further investigations show that there are some mafic and ultramafic rocks spatially associated with the eclogite belt in the region. Three ultramafic massifs were recognized in the Sumdo region, and called the Luomaling (罗马岭),Gongbupala (贡布爬拉) and Qiazhasumdo (卡扎松多) massifs. All the massifs are fault-contacted with greenschist (Chasagang (岔萨岗) Formation) or muscovite-quartz schist (Mabuku (马布库) Formation), and individuals are about 100 m×50 m in size extending in EW as the regional structure. All the ultramafic rocks have been entirely serpentinized, and the Gongbupala massif has been selected for study in geochemistry. Eleven chemical analyses of the rocks from the Gongbupala massif show a narrow range in contents: SiO2(35.97-40.63) wt.%, MgO (37.02-38.60) wt.%, TiO2(0.01-0.08) wt.%, Al2O3 (0.80-1.64) wt.%, (Na2O+K2O) less than 0.1 wt.%, with high volatile contents (H2O+CO2) (11.24-14.91) wt.%. After recalculation without H2O+CO2, the mean values are SiO2 45.24 wt.%, MgO 43.54 wt.%, FeOT(7.45-9.97) wt.% (8.55 wt.% in average), (MgO+FeOT) 52.09 wt.%, Mg# (100×Mg/(Mg+Fe*), where Fe* represents total Fe)=89.42-90.08, (m+f)/Si ((atomicity Mg+atomicity Fe) /atomicity Si)=1.53-1.75 (1.59 in average), respectively. The mean M/F (atomicity Mg/atomicity Fe) ratio of the rocks is 9.05, which is classified as magnesium enriched-type of ultramafic rocks. The compositional features, depleted in K, Na, Ca, Al and Ti and enriched in Mg#, indicate the characteristics of peridotite originated from a depleted mantle. The rocks have low ∑ REE with (1.60-2.68)×10-6 similar to those of the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of all samples show slightly enrichment in LREE, with (Ce/Yb)N 1.03-2.46, but a little depleted in HREE. Most samples show a slight negative anomaly in Eu, a feature In REE from a relic mantle and common features In highly serpentinized ultramafic rocks in the Yarlung-Zangbo (雅鲁藏布) ophiolite and the Bangong (班公)-Nnjiang (怒江)ophiolite in Tibet. The primitive mantle-normalized spiderdiagram of trace elements for Gongbupala ultramafic rocks yields uniform distributed pattern. They are relatively enriched in Rb, Ba, La, P element (LHSE) and depleted in Sin, Ti, Y, Yb element (HFSE), a feature of metasomatic mantle peridotite. The geochemical features of the rocks suggest that the protofith of Gongbupala serpentinite in Sumdo region is harzburgite, a typical depleted mantle rock, and may represent a dismembered ophiolite unit in the region.     

基于组合楔形体原理的采动坡体稳定性研究

地下采煤通常会引起地表严重开裂,甚至发生滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害,采动坡体的稳定性研究一直是工程实际关心的问题。本文以贵州省都匀市煤洞坡采动坡体为例,在斜坡破坏机制分析基础上,采用组合楔形块体原理构建了采动坡体稳定性系数计算方程,并从实验、经验类比、采空率等方面对采动坡体的强度指标进行了综合取值,计算了采动坡体在天然、饱水及裂隙水作用下的安全系数。结果表明:煤洞坡山体是处于稳定状态的,这与坡体上的裂缝位移监测成果是相符的。但在长时间降雨或暴雨情况下,煤洞坡山体稳定性就会逐渐变差,甚至发生滑动; 坡体稳定性安全系数随内摩擦角的降低而降低,随裂隙水充水高度的增加而降低; 一旦后缘块体挤压前缘块体时,就会存在一个安全系数急剧降低的阀值。从裂缝水柱高度与降雨渗入裂缝的雨水量关系出发,建立了裂缝水柱高与降雨量之间关系式。经计算当降雨量(短时间内)超过192mm,斜坡就会失稳。     

桃园矿10煤底板钻孔注浆堵水半径探讨

桃园煤矿10煤底板裂隙发育不均匀,合理确定钻孔注浆堵水有效半径,是10煤安全开采的保障。经理论计算和实验研究,确定注浆有效半径为10¹5 m。     

钦州湾-杭州湾构造结合带（南段） 地质演化和找矿方向

钦州湾-杭州湾结合带是位于扬子与华夏两大古陆块中间的巨型构造结合带。根据内部结构不均一性和演化历史的差异,钦-杭结合带可划分为3段：北（东）段、中段和南（西）段,分界线大致为北纬24°和北纬27°。中段与南岭带大体一致;北段指南岭以北地区,即绍兴-江山-萍乡一带;南段位于南岭以南区域,大致与云开-十万大山带相当。钦-杭结合带南段是华南大陆壳再造和矿产资源寻找的重要研究课题。它的地质演化与钦-杭结合带具有整体一致性,特别是具有一致的开-合历史。震旦系底部的粤西云浮大降坪块状硫化物矿床是海底喷流沉积的产物,它与信宜和陆川新元古代蛇绿岩等是南段洋壳存在的重要证据。在进一步的矿床勘查中,要重视斑岩型铜（钼）矿床的寻找。中酸性斑岩体来自于元古宙岛弧底部玄武质岩石（下地壳）在中生代时期的部分熔融,本质上该类矿床带有岛弧俯冲环境的基因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部泊尔江海子断裂对上古生界天然气成藏的控制

为了揭示泊尔江海子断裂对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区上古生界天然气成藏的控制作用,应用地震和钻井资料,在断裂活动性分析的基础上,根据断层泥比率和断层连通概率法对泊尔江海子断裂的侧向和垂向封闭性进行半定量评价,探讨断裂和天然气富集区的关系。结果表明：泊尔江海子断裂呈现3次明显的活动高峰期,分别为加里东期-早海西期的断裂形成期、印支期-早燕山期的挤压逆断裂活动期、中晚燕山期的走滑撕裂活动期,而中晚燕山期的走滑撕裂控制了上古生界天然气主要成藏期。断裂的封闭性具有“横向分段、纵向分层”的特点;横向上,以断层泥比率(SGR)等于0.3为界将泊尔江海子断裂分为侧向优势输导区和侧向封闭区;纵向上,在石千峰组和上石盒子组断裂启闭系数基本都小于1.0,断裂垂向封闭,在下石盒子组和山西组断裂启闭系数主要集中在4.0~10.0,断裂垂向开启。在断裂侧向优势输导区,断裂南部主力烃源区生成的天然气,经断裂发生垂向和侧向运移,易在断裂北部地区富集成藏;在侧向封闭区,则易在断裂南部地区富集成藏。     

海拉尔油田乌东区块螺旋井壁成因分析与解决方法

自海拉尔油田实施钻井提速以来,部分井出现螺旋井壁现象,对完井电测曲线造成一定影响,影响测井解释的共151口井,比例达15.60%。螺旋井壁现象在乌东区块尤为明显,仅乌东区块发生明显螺旋井达到36口,占乌东区块全部钻井的28.8%。从地质、工程等角度阐述了形成螺旋井的原因,并提出了解决思路与技术措施。2012年下半年在乌尔逊凹陷2口井试验螺旋井壁预防及解决方法,获得了较好的效果,未再大面积出现螺旋井壁现象。