浅析GIS的地下管线查询与管理系统

城镇地下管线就像是城镇的脉络,对于城镇的运转非常重要,肩负着为城镇运送物质能量、输出废弃物的重要使命。随着城镇的扩建,敷设于地下的管线不断向周围扩张,其规模不断膨胀,因此,也变得越来越复杂。传统的管线管理方式不仅数据的查询效率低,导致因管线错挖而造成的爆管事故频发,而且不能及时准确地进行应急处理。所以在告别传统落后的地下管线管理方式的同时,我们应思考如何能够更好的管理大量的地下管线数据,从而提高了数据的查询与应急管理的效率,为城镇规划和发展提供更好的支撑作用。     

神府煤田大柳塔矿区高分辨率地震勘探

利用高分辨率地震反射法，在地表沙丘、沙垅无规则分布的神府煤田大柳塔矿区为采掘巷道作业，勘探垂直断距２ｍ以上至５ｍ的断层分布。试验观测结果取得了良好的效果。     

一种准确通用的台风路径预报模式

应用天气学理论,对台风云图的晴空区轴线制约台风移动的规律进行物理解释。根据台风云团与晴空区之间存在的干、湿梯度力和推动台风前进的惯性力的互相关系,建立台风移向预报方程和轨迹预报方程,分析论证了台风移向变化的物理过程,把影响台风移动的复杂因子转化为单一的预报因子。     

探空气球三维数据采集器的研制

主要介绍民航监控系统中的探空气球三维(方位、俯仰、斜距)数据自动采集器的软硬件设计及实现。该采集器的主要功能有：接收探空气球三维编码器数据并处理、换算、显示；接收和显示来自PC机的时间信息；根据PC机不同指令，上传相应时刻的三维数据到计算机。计算机通过MODEM将相应三维数据传到民航空管中心。其中，在显示电路中，提出并使用了一种新的消隐方法，克服了传统静态扫描显示的闪烁现象；在软件上，针对数据的具体特点，提出了化乘除为加减，利用移位、按位补偿处理算法，明显提高效率，保证了信号处理的实时性。     

NONHYDROSTATIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THE “96.8” EXTRAORDINARY RAINSTORM AND THE DEVELOPING STRUCTURE OF MESOSCALE SYSTEM*

During the period of 3—5 August 1996(for short "96.8"),an extraordinary rainstorm event occurred in Henan,Hebei and Shanxi Provinces in China,resulting in severe flood catastrophe.Synoptic analyses indicated that the stable gross col field and the interaction between a northward moving typhoon(down into low pressure)and its east lateral Pacific subtropical high were the large-and meso-scale circulation conditions of the "96.8" extraordinary rainstorm.The mesoscale typhoon-low and its specific dynamical and thermodynamical structures were directly related to this rainstorm event.The nonhydrostatic version of mesoscale numerical model MM5 was used to conduct investigation of numerical simulation for this case.The simulation with the full physical processes of nonhydrostatic version MM5 was basically possessed of a capability to reproduce the genesis,development and evolution of the large-scale and meso-α scale synoptic systems.The simulative results using a two-way interactive nesting procedure revealed that the typhoon-low was possessed of an intensive coupled mechanism between the dynamical and thermodynamical fields,namely,the developing typhoon-low was possessed of a structure of the.cyclonic vorticity column with warm center and high humidity,the vorticity column on the lower levels was the moist convective instability and negative moist potential vorticity structure:the intensive ascending vertical motion and the intense divergence on upper levels and intensive convergence on the lower levels as well as the development of the convective cloud cluster were intercoupling:the intense southern wind jet companied by the typhoon-low was not only the interaccompanying and intercoupling condition of the development and maintenance of the typhoon-low and convective cloud cluster,but also was the transportable belt of the moisture source and heat energy of the "96.8" extraordinary rainstorm.The analysis of simulative results of precipitation indicated that the distribution of the rainfall belt and rainfall rate was basically consistent with that of the observation in spite of some rainfall centers less or larger than those of the observation for coarse or fine mesh domain,respectively.     

Remote sensing of turbidity in seawater intrusion reaches of Pearl River Estuary – A case study in Modaomen water way,China

Based on field experiments and analysis, the study examined the spectral characteristic and spatial variability of turbidity in the Pearl River Estuary by using the EO-1 ALI satellite imagery collected on December 18, 2005. A negative regression model (turbidity = −439.52 × R (570) + 22.913, R² = 0.9042, n = 11) between the in-situ turbidity and the reflectance at 570 nm (maximum correlation spectral band between 350 and 2500 nm), resulting from increasing of organic matters in suspended solids, was built and applied to ALI band 4 (0.525–0.605 nm). Simple in-water spectral pairs calibration method of bright and dark targets provided the good atmospheric correction of ALI with a root mean square error of 0.00061, and mean absolute percentage error of 2.04%. The study also found the seawater turbidity is a more accurate indicator of Chl_a concentration (R² = 0.7442) than TSS (R² = 0.7061). Also, there is a large correlation between TSS and the turbidity (R² = 0.86, N = 22) for Modaomen watercourse. The model-deduced turbidity distribution from ALI band 4 exhibited distinctive spatial variability of turbidity in the dry season, accordant with seasonal in-situ investigation. The ALI data provides accurate estimates of the mean water clarity conditions in the PRE (RMSE = 1.878 and MAPE = 11.7%) and has potential importance for water quality monitoring of optical remote sensing in the similar estuaries and its future operation.     

利用NOAA－AVHRR资料提取水体信息的初步研究

本文讨论了应用NOAA-AVHRR资料来提取水体信息的方法。采用AVHRR一、二通道(下面简写为CH1、CH2)获得的地面反射率数据构成的归一化植被指数(NDVI)来识别水体,并初步提出了应用模糊数学的方法提取混合像元中的水体面积信息的技术思路。     

小尺度环境地形认知与空间行为的关系分析——以南京大学浦口校区为例

地形认知与空间行为间的交互影响是重要的人地关系,也是行为地理学近期重视的课题,但相关研究甚少。为考察日常活动中的上述交互作用,文章选择南大浦口校园为案例区,在预研究基础上,采用分层比例抽样,分别抽取认知与行为样本,并运用言语描述和草图方法获得被试的认知与行为数据。随后,通过绘制公共地形认知与行为地图及地理环境编码等定性方法,同时使用空间叠置与缓冲区及偏相关定量分析方法,得到以下结论：① 被试在认知地图中已编码了地形高程的等级秩序,基本认知了研究区的地形空间格局。② 校园行为节点以必要性活动场所为主,自发性活动与社会性活动场所为次;必要性活动路径分布于校园南部,呈直线,两端连接生活区和教学区;而自发性活动路径离散分布,连接更多的运动场所和环境景点。③ 地形认知与空间行为存在交互影响,具体表现为：地形认知影响了行为的空间格局,但此影响受行为的动机和效率认知的调控;反之空间行为是影响地形认知的主要因素,其影响受行为的动机与持续时间的调控。④ 宿舍位置是影响地形认知与空间行为交互作用的主要因素,而性别与学科的影响不显著。最后探讨了研究不足及发展方向。     

不同土地利用方式对黄土坡地土壤水稳性团聚体和总孔隙度的影响

通过测定土壤水稳性团聚体、总孔隙度、容重等物理性质,对延安梁峁山丘四种不同土地利用方式对土壤水稳性团聚体和总孔隙度的影响作了定量分析。结果表明,不同土地利用方式对土壤水稳性团聚体和总孔隙度的改善作用的大小顺序为草地>有林地>灌木林地>耕地。通过进一步分析四种土地利用方式下,土壤中直径≤1mm有效根根量的分布特征,发现不同土地利用方式下的土壤中,有效根根量的差异是造成这种不同影响的重要原因之一。     

完善种粮补贴标准及其发放方式探讨——以广东省为例

目前我国种粮补贴政策已取得了明显的成效,但在实施过程中仍存在着补贴力度偏小、标准较低、各地差异大、发放方式不规范、行政成本高等问题.该文针对广东省情剖析种粮补贴政策实施过程中存在的问题,认为广东省种粮补贴政策亟须在以下方面加以完善:1)与农业生产资料价格挂钩,兼顾国际粮食市场价格;2)不同区域结合其耕地质量差异区别对待;3)与其经济发展水平相适应;4)向种粮大户倾斜,引导耕地有序流转.而种粮补贴的发放方式则应由"以农户为单位"改成"以村民小组为单位"发放,并逐步由"以地定贴"转变为"以粮定贴".