GIS数据辅助下的线状目标自动提取

首先介绍了遥感影像中线状目标骨架自动提取的意义和研究现状，然后结合老的GIS数据，提出了一种算法来实现遥感影像中线状目标骨架的自动提取，算法主要包括影像预处理、GIS数据与影像的配准、骨架跟踪、编组连接与数据简化等步骤。最后又利用遥感影像和相应的GIS数据进行了实验，实验证明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

电子地图中线状要素移动注记关键问题研究

探讨了电子地图移动注记的几个关键问题 ,提出了将分段注记和移动注记相结合的思想 ,并在此基础上提出了采用回溯法解决注记之间的冲突 ,从而较好地解决了图幅移动之后某些屏幕内线状要素注记不可见或表达模糊的问题 ,实现了注记输出的完整性和美观性的统一 ,提高了图形输出的效率 ,节省了存储空间 ,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果 ,充分体现了电子地图在线状要素注记显示这一环节的优越性     

集成高度和彩色纹理特征的影像目标模糊聚类识别方法

提出一种基于高度和彩色纹理信息的目标识别方法 ,其目的是提取具有相对高度的地物。由于传统二维纹理分析的方法往往不能有效地提取这类目标 ,本文把高度、色彩和纹理信息有机地结合起来 ,提高了识别率。依据影像提取结果 ,探讨了树林对森林覆盖地区自动空中三角测量选点的负面影响 ,同时建议采用数据分组的方案来改善森林覆盖地区自动空中三角测量的精度 ,并用对比实验证明了其有效性。     

一种组合优化的多边形化简方法

以多边形轮廓为目标 ,依据曲线特征点将其分解为一系列的弯曲特征 ,并对此弯曲特征集实施组合优化 ,将入围弯曲首尾相连 ,即可得到最终的化简结果     

Watershed delineation using hydrographic features and a DEM in plain river network region

Watershed delineation is a required step when conducting any spatially distributed hydrological modelling. Automated approaches are often proposed to delineate a watershed based on a river network extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) using the deterministic eight‐neighbour (D8) method. However, a realistic river network cannot be derived from conventional DEM processing methods for a large flat area with a complex network of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and polders, referred to as a plain river network region (PRNR). In this study, a new approach, which uses both hydrographic features and DEM, has been developed to address the problems of watershed delineation in PRNR. It extracts the river nodes and determines the flow directions of the river network based on a vector‐based hydrographic feature data model. The river network, lakes, reservoirs, and polders are then used to modify the flow directions of grid cells determined by D8 approach. The watershed is eventually delineated into four types of catchments including lakes, reservoirs, polders, and overland catchments based on the flow direction matrix and the location of river nodes. Multiple flow directions of grid cells are represented using a multi‐direction encoding method, and multiple outflows of catchments are also reflected in the topology of catchments. The proposed approach is applied to the western Taihu watershed in China. Comparisons between the results obtained from the D8 approach, the ‘stream burning’ approach, and those from the proposed approach clearly demonstrate an improvement of the new approach over the conventional approaches. This approach will benefit the development of distributed hydrological models in PRNR for the consideration of different types and multiple inlets and outlets of catchments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variability in the vertical hyporheic water exchange affected by hydraulic conductivity and river morphology at a natural confluent meander bend

River confluences and their associated tributaries are key morphodynamic nodes that play important roles in controlling hydraulic geometry and hyporheic water exchange in fluvial networks. However, the existing knowledge regarding hyporheic water exchange associated with river confluence morphology is relatively scarce. On January 14 and 15, 2016, the general hydraulic and morphological characteristics of the confluent meander bend (CMB) between the Juehe River and the Haohe River in the southern region of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China, were investigated. The patterns and magnitudes of vertical hyporheic water exchange (VHWE) were estimated based on a one‐dimensional heat steady‐state model, whereas the sediment vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) was calculated via in situ permeameter tests. The results demonstrated that 6 hydrodynamic zones and their extensions were observed at the CMB during the test period. These zones were likely controlled by the obtuse junction angle and low momentum flux ratio, influencing the sediment grain size distribution of the CMB. The VHWE patterns at the test site during the test period mostly showed upwelling flow dominated by regional groundwater discharging into the river. The occurrence of longitudinal downwelling and upwelling patterns along the meander bend at the CMB was likely subjected to the comprehensive influences of the local sinuosity of the meander bend and regional groundwater discharge and finally formed regional and local flow paths. Additionally, in dominated upwelling areas, the change in VHWE magnitudes was nearly consistent with that in K_v values, and higher values of both variables generally occurred in erosional zones near the thalweg paths of the CMB, which were mostly made up of sand and gravel. This was potentially caused by the erosional and depositional processes subjected to confluence morphology. Furthermore, lower K_v values observed in downwelling areas at the CMB were attributed to sediment clogging caused by local downwelling flow. The confluence morphology and sediment K_v are thus likely the driving factors that cause local variations in the VHWE of fluvial systems.     

基于决策树分类的大屯矿区地物信息提取及矿区污染分析

本文在对国内外遥感图像分类方法充分研究分析的基础上,选择决策树分类法对大屯矿区的Landsat 8遥感图像进行分类研究。选取样本提取并分析研究区典型地类光谱特征曲线,依据光谱曲线特征和归一化植被指数建立了土地利用分类决策树模型,通过反复试验和修正,筛选出适宜大屯矿区地物分类的决策树最优阈值,对研究区进行分类和精度评价,最后通过分类结果对研究区的水体污染状况进行简要分析。     

内蒙古黄花滩铜镍矿区辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及地球化学特征

在乌拉特后旗—达茂旗—四子王旗一带的内蒙古中部地区分布着超基性-酸性连续岩浆系列,开展其岩体年代学、地球化学研究可为内蒙古中部地区与超基性-基性岩有关的铜镍矿成矿规律研究提供基础地质资料,还可以推断岩浆侵位时期的区域大地构造背景。本文以达茂旗黄花滩铜镍矿区出露的辉长岩为研究对象,采用LA-ICP-MS仪器对无裂隙、高透明度、阴极发光均匀、环带清晰的锆石进行U-Pb定年,获得岩体加权平均年龄为262.4±1.1 Ma,并利用XRF和ICP-MS进行岩石地球化学分析显示黄花滩辉长岩具有后碰撞拉伸环境下的岩浆特征。综合前人相关研究认为,内蒙古中部地区于中二叠世晚期(255~275 Ma)已经进入后碰撞构造阶段,而古亚洲洋在该区域的闭合应发生在晚二叠世前(~285 Ma),此结论丰富了古亚洲洋闭合时间上限及中晚二叠世期间内蒙古中部地区构造背景方面的证据。     

伊犁盆地南缘中新生代构造样式与铀成矿关系

伊犁盆地是我国最早发现砂岩型铀矿的地区,近十几年来一直保持砂岩型铀矿找矿的不断突破,盆地南缘自西向东查明了一系列砂岩型铀矿床,这些铀矿床的分布与盆地南缘构造关系密切。本文总结了伊犁盆地南缘构造样式类型,分析了不同构造样式下氧化流体补给、运移规律,并结合铀矿体的空间分布,指出构造样式差异是造成砂岩型铀矿体空间分布的关键因素;从氧化流体补给窗的开启、流体的汇聚和还原性气体聚集的控制等方面讨论了构造样式对铀矿体空间定位的机制,指出单斜稳定地层中纵弯背斜是控制铀空间分布的主要构造,要注意不同构造样式约束下成矿区域的稳定型和地下水补给的多样性,在此基础上讨论了伊犁盆地南缘铀矿的找矿方向及主要矿物类型。     

1960-2014年湖南省极端气温事件变化特征分析

利用1960-2014年湖南省88个地面气象站日最高和最低气温的均一化资料,运用百分位阈值法统计暖日、暖夜、冷日和冷夜数,采用线性回归、M-K突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法,研究湖南省55a以来极端气温事件的时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)湖南省暖日和暖夜数呈上升趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为0.68d.(10a)-1、2.73 d.(10a)-1,冷日和冷夜数呈下降趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为-0.45d.(10a)-1、-2.46d.(10a)-1,夜间增暖幅度大于白天增暖幅度;(2)湖南省大部分地区的暖日、暖夜数呈上升趋势,冷日数、冷夜数呈下降趋势,其中湘北、湘南部分地区变化趋势明显;(3)暖日、暖夜、冷夜数有明显的阶段性变化,其突变检验特征较明显,暖日、暖夜分别在2008、2003年突变增加,冷夜在1986年突变减少;(4)湖南省极端气温日数在不同的时间段存在着长短不同的振荡周期。