地震救援便携式移动终端的设计

本文基于GPS技术、嵌入式技术、无线网络传输技术和传感器技术,研究和设计一套地震救援便携式移动终端,完成救援行动中救援队员位置信息、生理信息和救援现场环境信息的采集和传输设备的研制,实现对救援行动的跟踪与监控.     

阿尔金断裂西段首期GPS观测资料处理及初步结果

本文介绍了中国科学院青藏高原研究所在阿尔金断裂西段进行GPS观测的剖面布设和首期观测情况.利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件对首期观测数据进行了处理,并将结果归算到区域参考框架下.GAMIT计算得到的"准观测值"均满足所须精度,其中单天解标准化均方差小于0.3,基线的平均相对精度为1.8×10-9.GLOBK在区域参考框架...     

Present-day deformation along the El Pilar Fault in eastern Venezuela: Evidence of creep along a major transform boundary

The right-lateral strike-slip El Pilar Fault is one of the major structures that accommodate the relative displacement between the Caribbean and South-America Plates. This fault, which trends East–West along the northeastern Venezuela margin, is a seismogenic source, and shows numerous evidence for active tectonics, including deformation of the Quaternary sediments filling the Cariaco Gulf. Because the main El Pilar Fault strand belongs to a set of strike-slip faults and thrusts between the stable Guyana shield (South) and the Caribbean oceanic floor (North), a GPS network was designed and installed to measure the relative motion of the El Pilar Fault and other faults. The results obtained from the comparison of 2003 and 2005 surveys indicate: (i) a lack of significant displacement (especially shortening) in the Serrania del Interior (Neogene cordillera overthrusted above the Guyana craton), (ii) an eastward displacement (relative to fixed south America plate) up to 22 mm/year of benchmarks located north of the El Pilar Fault.     

基于SMS/GPS/GIS地震灾情获取处理技术研究与实现

本文研究了基于Windows Mobile的SMS与GPS的嵌入式集成开发技术,以智能移动终端作为地震现场灾情获取与传输的手段;同时还研究了SMS与GIS的无缝集成技术,实现灾情信息的可视化分析,借助GIS空间分析技术进行地震现场灾情空间分布研究.本文建立了基于SMS、GPS和GIS相结合的地震灾情获取处理模式,并基于GSM移动网关和信息机实现了该方法.该方法的模式可以应用于多种远程信息获取领域.     

GPS水汽资料在江西强对流天气预报中的初步应用

利用GPS/MET 水汽监测资料,对2009-2011 年江西省8 次具有代表性的强天气过程的GPS 可降水量变化进行分析和研究,并重点对2011 年6 月10-15 日的降水过程进行分析.结果表明,在每次强天气的发展过程中,水汽含量其增长率均表现为不均匀,但均呈现剧烈增长;6 次强天气过程的初始GPS 可降水量高于6...     

遗传算法反演龙门山断裂带断层三维滑动参数研究

利用位错理论模型将遗传算法运用于断层三维滑动参数反演问题的求解,采用川西地区2004—2007年GPS观测数据对龙门山断裂带主要断层的三维滑动速率进行计算分析。结果表明：反演结果在量值上整体较小,与地质结果具有较好的一致性,走滑分量︱U1︱〈3.2 mm/a,倾滑分量︱U2︱〈1.54 mm/a,张开分量︱U3︱〈2.5mm/a,低滑动速率反映断层的闭锁及应力的积累及大地震发生的危险性;局部分量较地质结果偏大,反映实测GPS数据反演结果体现的是断层实时活动状态;遗传算法的全局收敛、不依赖初值等优点使结果更加稳定,而张开分量显示局部不规律性,表现出各子断层空间活动不均匀性。     

The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.     

新技术在矿区控制网建立中的应用

通过对利用GPS定位技术测量平面控制点,数字化电子水准仪测量高程等内容的论述和分析,说明该技术作业效率高,测量成果精度较高.     

手持GPS在地质勘查中的应用研究

GPS是20世纪70年代出现的新一代空间卫星导航定位系统,由空间星座、地面监控系统和用户系统3个部分组成。手持GPS以其灵便、定位精度高和全天候等特点使其在地质勘查工作中的应用较为普及。结合工作实践,阐述了手持GPS定位的基本原理、常用坐标系、坐标转换方法、定位精度、使用注意事项,给同行的类似工作提供参考。     

玉树MS7.1地震成因及背景的分析与思考

对青海省玉树结古镇Ms 7.1级强震的成因及背景进行了分析,并提出灾后重建应该注意的问题.从大地构造背景看,玉树和汶川地震均由印度板块向青藏高原嵌入、引起高原壳-幔物质向东蠕散诱发.正是巴颜喀拉(昆仑)地块向东蠕散,其南侧边界玉树-鲜水河断裂的左行走滑引起了玉树Ms7.1级地震.巴颜喀拉(昆仑)地块在向东蠕散的过程中已...