Stochastic assessment of GPS carrier phase measurements for precise static relative positioning

 Global positioning system (GPS) carrier phase measurements are used in all precise static relative positioning applications. The GPS carrier phase measurements are generally processed using the least-squares method, for which both functional and stochastic models need to be carefully defined. Whilst the functional model for precise GPS positioning is well documented in the literature, realistic stochastic modelling for the GPS carrier phase measurements is still both a controversial topic and a difficult task to accomplish in practice. The common practice of assuming that the raw GPS measurements are statistically independent in space and time, and have the same accuracy, is certainly not realistic. Any mis-specification in the stochastic model will inevitably lead to unreliable positioning results. A stochastic assessment procedure has been developed to take into account the heteroscedastic, space- and time-correlated error structure of the GPS measurements. Test results indicate that the reliability of the estimated positioning results is improved by applying the developed stochastic assessment procedure. In addition, the quality of ambiguity resolution can be more realistically evaluated. Received: 13 February 2001 / Accepted: 3 September 2001     

GPS network monitors the Western Alps' deformation over a five-year period: 1993–1998

  The Western Alps are among the best studied collisional belts with both detailed structural mapping and also crustal geophysical investigations such as the ECORS and EGT seismic profile. By contrast, the present-day kinematics of the belt is still largely unknown due to small relative motions and the insufficient accuracy of the triangulation data. As a consequence, several tectonic problems still remain to be solved, such as the amount of N–S convergence in the Occidental Alps, the repartition of the deformation between the Alpine tectonic units, and the relation between deformation and rotation across the Alpine arc. In order to address these problems, the GPS ALPES group, made up of French, Swiss and Italian research organizations, has achieved the first large-scale GPS surveys of the Western Alps. More than 60 sites were surveyed in 1993 and 1998 with a minimum observation of 3 days at each site. GPS data processing has been done by three independent teams using different software. The different solutions have horizontal repeatabilities (N–E) of 4–7 mm in 1993 and 2–3 mm in 1998 and compare at the 3–5-mm level in position and 2-mm/yr level in velocity. A comparison of 1993 and 1998 coordinates shows that residual velocities of the GPS marks are generally smaller than 2 mm/yr, precluding a detailed tectonic interpretation of the differential motions. However, these data seem to suggest that the N–S compression of the Western Alps is quite mild (less than 2 mm/yr) compared to the global convergence between the African and Eurasian plate (6 mm/yr). This implies that the shortening must be accomodated elsewhere by the deformation of the Maghrebids and/or by rotations of Mediterranean microplates. Also, E–W velocity components analysis supports the idea that E–W extension exists, as already suggested by recent structural and seismotectonic data interpretation. Received: 27 November 2000 / Accepted: 17 September 2001     

平坦地区转换GPS高程的混合转换方法

简要介绍了转换GPS高程的二次曲面拟合法和神经网络方法。然而 ,这 2种方法都有缺点 ,介绍的CF&NNM方法充分利用了 2者的优点 ,通过 2个平坦地区的工程实例 ,证实该方法的有效性 ,并得到一些有工程应用价值的结论。     

一种附约束的单频单历元GPS双差相位解算方法

在各类变形观测中，存在着2次观测的变形值不大及各种变形方向和大小可以比较精确预测等特点，可以把这些特征作为约束条件，对GPS单历元相位观测方程进行求解。基于以上几点，提出了一种含约束条件的单频单历元GPS相位求解算法和简单实用的模糊度搜索方法，本方法据观测值直接估计模糊度参数，并根据求出的模糊度估值进行搜索，还分析了最优解的获得和检验方法，最后用2个实例说明了该法的有效性和实用性。     

利用精密星历进行单点定位的数学模型和初步分析

精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,简称PPP),是相对于一般的单点定位而言的,它是利用GPS的精密星历和钟差文件,以载波相位和伪距为观测资料,进行独立的单点精密定位.它的特点在于各站的解算相互独立,计算量远远小于一般的相对定位.尝试以伪距为观测值,利用JPL给出的精密星历(*.sp3)和钟差(*.clk),进行精密单点定位的试验,取得了初步的结果.     

台湾集集大地震断层非均匀滑动分布的反演

利用台湾1999集集大地震前后GPS测量获得的地表位移数据,反演断层面上的非均匀滑动分布.反演中采用二次样条函数作为滑动分布的基函数,通过引入阿卡克贝叶斯准则,获得了反演问题的惟一解.反演得到的地表位移与实测位移的差在几个厘米,较好地解释了观测到的GPS位移.另一方面,用反演结果计算得到的地表形变场同INSAR得到的地表实测位移场较相近.     

VC++6.0环境下GPS接收机串口通信的实现

首先简单介绍了GPS接收机串口通信的基本概念，然后通过实例详细介绍了计算机与GPS接收机进行数据传输的两种方法：一种是使用Win32 API通信函数的文件读写方式；另一种是通过VC^ 6.0提供的MSComm控件实现。     

GPS高程测量精度试验与分析

详细论述了GPS高程测量的主要误差来源，利用实测数据对GPS高程测量成果的精度及稳定性进行分析比较，从观测时间等方面提出了保证精度的要求。     

西部1:50000地形图测绘项目技术方案探讨

结合目前国内、国外先进的测绘技术 ,探讨了我国西部沙漠、高山地区测绘地形图的技术方案 ,从而为我国西部困难地区测绘提供可行的技术路线。     

姿态型GPS在无线电罗盘试飞中的应用

无线电罗盘是飞机常备的导航设备之一。阐述了姿态型GPS在无线电罗盘飞行试验中应用的有关问题，介绍了利用姿态型GPS鉴定无线电罗盘方位精度和作用距离的方法。