All you ever wanted to know about optical long baseline stellar interferometry, but were too shy to ask your adviser

I try to present a small view of the properties and issues related to astronomical interferometry observations. I recall a bit of history of the technique, give some basic assessments to the principle of interferometry, and finally, describe physical processes and limitations that affect optical long baseline interferometry and which are, in general, very useful for everyday work. Therefore, this text is not intended to perform strong demonstrations and show accurate results, but rather to transmit the general “feeling” one needs to have to not be destabilised by the first contact to real world interferometry.     

CRUSTAL Qs TOMOGRAPHY IN HAINAN ISLAND AND ADJACENT REGIONS

Using double-difference precise location results of seismic S wave data from 2000 to 2012, distribution and variation of dynamic moving average Q_s value are imaged in Hainan Island and adjacent regions through seismic attenuation tomography. We explore regional crustal S-wave attenuation characteristics of temporal and spatial variation combined with seismic activity, volcanoes and heat distribution, and GPS baseline changes. The results show that:(1)Attenuation imaging shows that there is a significant lateral heterogeneity in Q_s distribution in the study area and the Q_s values are high in the central region and low in the north and south regions of Hainan Island. Low-Q_s areas are baseically converged to the north of Wangwu-Wenjiao Fault, to the south of Jianfeng-Diaoluo Fault, and to the east of Puqian-Qinglan Fault. Earthquakes are basically converged to the edge of the transitional regions of high and low Q_s values. Heat flow sites and volcanoes zones are located in low-Q_s area in the region. (2)There is a strong correlation between dynamic moving average Q_s value, seismic activity and Luzhou-Qiongzhong GPS baseline. From 2000 to 2008, the average Q_s value of the study area is relatively high, the seismic activity is strong, and Luzhou-Qiongzhong GPS baseline is decreasing. From 2008 to 2012, the average Q_s value of the study area shows a downward trend, the seismic activity is weak, and the Luzhou-Qiongzhong GPS baseline displays an elongation trend.     

超短基线定位的海上应用及精度评估

超短基线定位系统可以为水下调查设备提供精确的定位信息,是当今海洋探测工作必不可少的装备。超短基线定位系统的定位结果包含了多种来源的误差影响,对超短基线定位数据进行有效的处理是保证水下精确定位的前提。本文通过对超短基线基阵进行校准,并对其定位精度进行精度评估,对海上应用采集到的数据进行处理分析,对原始数据中出现的跳点进行剔除、滤波处理,得到较可靠的水下定位结果。     

海上时移地震中多道匹配的观测系统重复性研究

观测系统的重复性是时移地震的关键问题.而对于全面评价,多道重复性度量又是很有意义的.基于归一化均方根差异计算方法,地震多道数据的重复性一般为单道数据重复性的加权均方根.针对海上拖缆监测数据与基线数据多道匹配不确定的问题,采取了定向最佳匹配原则和失配虚拟技术方法.基于地震数据重复性与观测系统重复性的线性相关模型,研究了时移地震观测系统的多道加权均方根重复性特征.结合实际数据研究表明,基于面元的观测系统最佳定向匹配的多道加权均方根重复性基本反映全部观测系统的重复性和覆盖程度.     

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2000国家大地坐标系数据处理的若干技术研究

2000国家大地坐标系(CGCS2000)成果的获取技术涉及国际地球参考框架(ITRF)、参考历元、卫星星历及站点速度场等归算问题.介绍了不同参考框架的转换模型和参数,讨论了获取CGCS2000成果的数据处理方法,利用实测观测数据分析了IERS发布的不同ITRF参考框架和不同国际机构发布的各种不同类型的星历对基线结果的影响,以及直接平差与采用框架转换方法求得CGCS2000坐标成果的差异.结果表明:IGS发布的星历精度要高于其他机构发布的精密星历;不同参考框架的精密星历对基线长度在4000km以内的基线影响小于1.3mm,一般在控制网基线解算时可不考虑卫星星历参考框架的影响;在获取CGCS2000成果时,可不考虑星历的类型、参考框架及历元问题;非ITRF97、2000.0成果可采用框架转换公式及转换参数进行成果归算得到CGCS2000成果.     

不同磁通门经纬仪产出基线值对比分析

选取中国地磁台网中6个地磁台站基线值对比分析.结果表明,两套绝对观测仪器对同一分量所定出的两条基线,在经过墩差和仪器差改正之后,仍不能完全重合,D、H、Z三分量的基线值差值存在明显的起伏变化.初步判断,造成两套仪器基线值差值变化的原因很可能为两仪器所在墩差的变化,也就是说,在同一个观测区的不同点位,地磁场的差值也在不断变化.     

GAMIT/GLOBK 10.7与Bernese 5.2陆态网数据解算结果对比分析

由于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)技术广泛应用,各个领域行业对GNSS数据处理的精度和效率提出了更高要求,本文基于GAMIT/GLOBK 10.7与Bernese 5.2软件对中国大陆构造环境监测网络(CMONOC)观测数据进行解算,并对解算策略的确定和解算结果进行对比分析,实验结果表明:GAMIT 10.7和Berne...     

基于SBAS InSAR的鲜水河断裂带蠕滑型滑坡特征研究

鲜水河断裂带是青藏高原东部川滇地块的一条重要边界断裂,全新世以来活动强烈,断裂带沿线岩土体结构破碎强烈,在断裂活动诱发地震、断裂蠕滑和强降雨等因素作用下,断裂带沿线滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害发育密度大,危害严重。在前人研究的基础上,采用短基线集(SBAS InSAR)的方法,基于日本对地观测卫星(ALOS 1)所获得的2007—2011年期间15景PALSAR数据,对鲜水河断裂带道孚至炉霍段的活动速率进行分析计算,获取了该段断裂带内蠕滑型滑坡5年间的时间序列形变特征。研究结果表明：鲜水河断裂带道孚至炉霍段近年来以蠕滑滑动为主,蠕滑速率为(94±078) mm/a,断裂的蠕滑作用对区域构造应力场和断裂带内滑坡具有重要的控制作用,表现为距离鲜水河断裂带越近,影像间相干性越强,稳定的相干点越多,干涉效果越好,滑坡滑动累计位移越大。沿鲜水河断裂道孚至炉霍段,共识别出98个蠕滑型滑坡,沿鲜水河断裂带两侧呈线性展布,并分析了典型蠕滑型滑坡的地表形变特征。基于SBAS InSAR的雷达数据处理方法,可以有效地分析地表的缓慢变形以及区域性蠕滑型滑坡的发育发展变化规律,研究结果对于鲜水河断裂带沿线防灾减灾及类似构造活动地区的地质灾害研究具有一定的指导作用。     

北斗高精度单历元基线解算方法研究与实现

研究了北斗动态单历元的周跳探测及模糊度解算方法,并编制相关基线解算软件。在我国中纬度某城市采集实测数据,测试分析该算法解算短基线的内符合精度及外符合精度。结果表明,北斗短基线南北方向精度优于7 mm,东西方向精度优于5 mm,高程方向精度优于15 mm,外符合位置精度优于5 mm。