Land subsidence under different land use in the eastern Beijing plain,China 2005-2013 revealed by InSAR timeseries analysis

Land subsidence has been occurring in Beijing since the 1970s. Five major land subsidence areas have been formed: Dongbalizhuang–Dajiaoting, Laiguangying, Changping Shahe–Ba Xianzhuang, Daxing Yufa–Lixian, and Shunyi–Ping Gezhuang. In this paper, we studied on land subsidence in Dongbalizhuang–Dajiaoting and Laiguangying using small baseline subset interferometry and interferometric point target methods of 47 ENVISAT ASAR and 29 RADARSAT-2 data. The results showed that the degree of land subsidence in these areas varied significantly. The mean land subsidence rate ranged from 143.43 to 8.2 mm/a and from 132.11 to 7.3 mm/a during 2005–2010 and 2011–2013, respectively. We correlated the observed settlement with the land use (agricultural, residential, and industrial). Displacement in the agricultural areas was greater than that in the other areas from 2005 to 2013. Moreover, we compared the observed deformation and the groundwater level in phreatic and confined aquifers. There was a strong correlation between ground subsidence and the groundwater level and the ground settlement increased with a decrease in the groundwater level and the maximum correlation coefficient can reach 0.525. Furthermore, subsidence appeared to be associated with compressible deposits, suggesting that for 90–210-m thick compressible deposits, ground settlement is more likely to occur as the thickness of the compressible layer increases.     

网络RTK动态中长基线模糊度解算方法比较研究

论文对比分析了网络RTK中长基线模糊度固定方法中无电离层组合+宽巷模糊度解算与原始模糊度整体解算两种方法的优劣。实验结果表明:与现有的模糊度解算方法相比,观测值域内的模糊度固定不但可以快速可靠地固定宽巷整周模糊度,而且提高了L2模糊度正确固定的成功率和效率。     

GPS基线精度分析及控制网的方差分量估计

GPS定位技术在我们日常生活中应用十分广泛,且扮演着十分重要的角色。随着科学技术的快速发展,人们对技术的精准度提出了更高的要求。为了提高该技术的工作效率,本文将从影响GPS技术的基线精度和控制网方差分量的要素出发,发现不足,提出解决方法。     

基线网信息存储的地表线性变形速率探测

针对传统基线网络构建方法易出现长距离基线边和低质量永久散射体点,且基线边信息存储过程中不易检测出重复边的问题,该文对永久散射体干涉测量技术中整体基线网络布设及基线边信息存储算法开展研究。采用附有距离限制原则的Delaunay三角形布设方法,可有效剔除长距离基线边和低质量永久散射体点;利用邻接矩阵模型算法进行基线边信息存储,可实现重复边的检测,进而提高运算效率。利用河南地区PALSAR影像中提取出的永久散射体点及预先安装布设的角反射器点进行整体基线网络布设及信息存储试验,结果表明获取的地表线性速率精度达到2mm/a,可为永久散射体干涉测量变形监测中差分函数相位模型的建立提供必要前提,为研究区域时间序列变形结果的反演提供有利保证。     

基于空间基准线的水平位移监测方法探讨

常规水平位移监测方法,如视准线法、小角度法、极坐标法等受场地条件限制较大,应用中受到一些限制。文中提出一种新的水平位移监测方法——空间基准线法,此方法受场地限制小,设站灵活,并能保证监测的精度和可靠性,已在工程实践中取得良好的效果。     

太阳时角法在超短基线静态校准中的应用

针对海洋工程测量作业工程船只自身的特殊性,导致对超短基线定位系统无法采用常规的动态校准方法这一问题,该文根据天文方位测量原理,结合全站仪高精度的角度测量和GPS定位及授时测量,对超短基线定位系统的发射接收机参考指向与船体中轴线之间的水平角度偏差进行静态校准。通过编制相应的校准程序,结合在海洋工程中的海底管线铺设中的应用进行验证,测量分析结果表明,超短基线定位系统静态校准方法满足水下导航定位施工作业的精度要求,取得了良好的实施效果。     

辐射沙脊群潮滩地形遥感遥测构建

潮滩地形是合理开发利用潮间带滩涂最重要的指标之一。滩涂水边线测量法是目前公认的具有可操作性的滩涂地形遥感测量方法。本文以水边线测量方法为基础,提出一种基于水位测站基线的潮滩地形遥感遥测构建方法。以江苏沿海大面积潮滩为研究区,将该区域自建的4座水位测站的连线作为水位测站基线,结合不同潮情下采集的遥感影像提取的滩涂水边线数据,通过水位测站基线计算滩涂水边线高程,从而构建出辐射沙脊群潮滩地形。采用实测地形数据进行检验,结果表明:构建的DEM能够反应当前潮滩的基本形态,平面精度达30 m,垂直精度达20 cm。     

Selenium and heavy metals content in some Mediterranean soils

The study of metal contents in industrial, agricultural or/and polluted soils compared with natural or unpolluted soils is currently necessary to obtain reference values and to assess soil contamination. Nonetheless, very few works published appear in international journals on elements like Se, Li and Sr in Spanish soils. This study determines the total levels of Se, Li, Sr, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ba in 14 natural (unpolluted) soils (Gypsisols, Leptosols, Arenosols and Acrisols), 14 agricultural soils (Anthrosols, Fluvisols and Luvisols), and 4 industrial–urban affected-surface soil horizons (Anthrosols and Fluvisols) of Eastern Spain. The geochemical baseline concentrations (GBC) and reference values (RV) have been established, and the relationships among elements and also between soil properties and elemental concentrations have been analysed. The RV obtained in this study were (mg kg⁻¹): Se 2.68, Li 115, Sr 298, Cd 0.97, Co 35, Cr 217, Cu 46, Ni 50, Pb 137, V 120, Zn 246, Fe 124,472, Mn 2691, and Ba 743. The RV for Se and Li were used as a preliminary approach to assess soil contamination in Spanish soils. The results confirm human impact on Sr, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn soil concentrations, but evidence no deviation from natural Se, Li, Co, V, Fe, Mn and Ba concentrations. The results obtained from the statistical analysis reveal significant correlations between some elements and clay and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, indicating that metal concentrations are controlled by soil composition. One particularly interesting finding is the high correlation coefficients obtained between SOM and Se, Cd, Cr, V, Fe, and Mn, and between clay and Cd, Zn, V, Fe and Mn. Once again, these facts confirm the role of SOM and clay minerals in soil functions and that soil is an ecosystem element responsible for maintaining environmental quality.     

利用序列平均的高精度GPS基线解算模型

系统分析了改进随机模型和改进函数模型两类GPS基线解算模型的优缺点,在此基础上,提出了一种基于序列平均的高精度GPS基线解算模型,即采用动态单历元技术进行静态基线解算,充分利用多路径效应的低频特性,采用小波变化理论,对坐标序列进行多路径效应的去除,提取低频残差项进行序列平均,得到基线向量解。同时,以动态坐标序列为依据,对出现粗差历元或者卫星进行处理,有效弥补了仅采用残差序列进行粗差判断的不足,提高了基线解算的精度和可靠性。实验表明,新模型可以更为有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,而且对于较短的观测时间尤为突出;结合坐标序列和残差序列,能更为有效地进行粗差的探测和去除,提高基线解的精度和可靠性。     

机载PPP与动基线测量相对定位精度比较与分析

机载精密单点定位可测量单个载体的位置和速度,这一模式能够满足大多数应用的需求。但在某些特殊应用场合,比如:远洋编队航行、舰载飞机着舰、空中加油、飞船交会对接等,要求解决两个运动目标之间高精度的相对定位问题。文中通过采用PPP模式和动基线测量两种模式对两个运动目标的相对定位进行比较与分析。