长江三角洲北翼全新统底界和“硬粘土层”的讨论

本文以钻孔资料为依据,通过岩石地层学、生物地层学和~(14)C测年分析,认为应以第一海相层底板作为Q_4/Q_(1-3)界线,而不能机械地划在“硬粘土层”顶板;上更新统顶部属河漫、湖沼相沉积,后经暴露、脱水局部层段硬化而成为所谓的杂色“硬粘土层”;本区晚更新世末古地形呈由东、东南向西、西北逐渐抬升的掀斜状,并控制着全新世的海侵方向和范围。     

转型期广州市居住迁移影响因素于户籍之间的比较

住房制度改革以来,中国城市居住迁移率大规模增加,成为城市重构和社会空间分异的基础动力。利用生命历程理论,通过家庭问卷调查,本文使用事件史模型动态地模拟了居住迁移,并比较外来人口与本地人口居住迁移影响因素的差异。整体来看,1980年以来年均居住迁移率呈上升趋势,外来人口的年均居住迁移率要比本地人口高。住房性质、婚姻变化、工作变动、居住区位和年份等变量都显著影响居住迁移,反映了住房制度改革、住房市场和分配环境、家庭生命周期等因素对居住迁移的影响;但影响程度户籍间的差异明显,工作地区位的变动导致通勤成本的变化是外来人口居住迁移的最显著影响因子,而家庭生命周期和住房特征变量是本地人口居住迁移的最显著影响变量,反映了两者之间的本质差别。居住区位对本地人口的居住迁移影响显著,内圈层居民的迁移率相对较低,而居住区位变量对外来人口的影响相对较弱。     

反应HO2+O→OH+O2对OH夜气辉辐射的贡献

本文探讨了OH Meinel夜气辉辐射的光化学模式,给出OH(ν≤9)分子数密度分布的计算通式,重点研究了化学反应HO2 O→OH(ν≤6) O2对ν≤6各振动能级上OH分子数密度分布以及(ν′—ν″)(ν′≤6)振动带气辉辐射的影响.结果表明,该反应对数密度的贡献随振动能级的减小而增大,对(ν′—ν″)振动带辐射的贡献随着较高振动能级ν′的减小而增大,以春分时为例,它可使第1振动能级上的OH分子最大数密度和(1—0)带的最大辐射率增加约33%,第6振动能级上的最大数密度和(6—ν″)带的最大辐射率增加约7%,(1—0)带的辐射强度增加约30%,(6—ν″)带的强度增加约11%.该反应使各振动能级上分子数密度的高度分布剖面以及各振动带体辐射率的高度分布剖面变宽,最大数密度、最大发射率所处的高度下降1km左右.此外,该反应的影响程度随着原子氧密度的降低而增大,随着温度的升高而增大,并且在夏至时最大,在冬至时最小.     

国外地震电磁现象观测

本文综合介绍了国外在地震电磁观测研究方面的进展和实例,结果显示地震电磁信号在地面和卫星观测记录中非常丰富.地面异常信号频带宽、分布范围广,时间上多集中于震前一个月或几天的时间段内出现.卫星地震电磁信号集中于ELE-VLF频段,时间上以震前几个小时为主,说明电磁信号具有明显的短临特性.我国地震电磁未来的发展方向应在现有的基础上,以超低频段为主,并发展地面与电磁卫星的三维立体联合观测,为地震短临预报服务.     

一种胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤

设计了一种胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤. 采用恒温快速蒸发法直接在经切割刀处理后的光纤端面生长胶体晶体,再与另一根切割后的光纤在毛细玻璃管中完成对接,制备成胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤. 用扫描电子显微镜和光谱分析仪对样品的形貌、结构以及光学特性进行分析. 实验结果表明,粒径为640 nm、体积分数约为0.5%的SiO₂胶体微球溶液在60 ℃的情况下沉积,大约12 h后可得到质量较高的胶体光子晶体. 在SEM下,观察到端面的胶体晶体为面心立方(fcc)结构. 透射光谱证明,该结构在(111)面上     

Ga和Sb纳米线声子结构和电子-声子相互作用的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,系统研究了Ga和Sb纳米线的电子能带结构和声子结构以及电子-声子耦合(EPC)作用.通过对声子的完整Brillouin区分析来研究纳米线的结构稳定性.结果表明,所考察的纳米线显示出不稳定性,不稳定声子波矢远离Brillouin区中心.与通常的Peierls变形机理相比,不稳定的横向声子模会导致一种无开口带隙的相变.Sb比Ga纳米线的EPC要强很多,并且横向变形导致的锯齿形结构使纳米线中的电子-声子相互作用增加了几个数量级.     

Structural, electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic distorted perovskite TbMnO3

This paper calculates the structural parameters, electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic distorted perovskite-type TbMnO₃ by first principles using density functional theory within the generalised gradient approximation. The calculated equilibrium lattice constants are in a reasonable agreement with theoretical and experimental data. The energy band structure, density of states and partial density of states of elements are obtained. Band structures show that TbMnO₃ is an indirect band gap between the O 2p states and Mn 3d states, and the band gap is of 0.48 eV agreeing with experimental result. Furthermore, the optical properties, including the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical reflectivity, refractive index and energy loss spectrum are calculated and analysed, showing that the TbMnO₃ is a promising dielectric material.     

An improved SPH method for saturated soils and its application to investigate the mechanisms of embankment failure: Case of hydrostatic pore‐water pressure

The method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has recently been applied to computational geomechanics and has been shown to be a powerful alternative to the standard numerical method, that is, the finite element method, for handling large deformation and post‐failure of geomaterials. However, very few studies apply the SPH method to model saturated or submerged soil problems. Our recent studies of this matter revealed that significant errors may be made if the gradient of the pore‐water pressure is handled using the standard SPH formulation. To overcome this problem and to enhance the SPH applications to computational geomechanics, this article proposes a general SPH formulation, which can be applied straightforwardly to dry and saturated soils. For simplicity, the current work assumes hydrostatic pore‐water pressure. It is shown that the proposed formulation can remove the numerical error mentioned earlier. Moreover, this formulation automatically satisfies the dynamic boundary conditions at a submerged ground surface, thereby saving computational cost. Discussions on the applications of the standard and new SPH formulations are also given through some numerical tests. Furthermore, techniques to obtain the correct SPH solution are also proposed and discussed throughout. As an application of the proposed method, the effect of the dilatancy angle on the failure mechanism of a two‐sided embankment subjected to a high groundwater table is presented and compared with that of other solutions. Finally, the proposed formulation can be considered a basic formulation for further developments of SPH for saturated soils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Complete synthetic seismograms for high-frequency multimodeSH-waves

We present an efficient scheme to compute high-frequency seismograms (up to 10 Hz) forSH-waves in a horizontally stratified medium with the mode summation method. The formalism which permits the computation of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions and related integral quantities is discussed in detail. Anelasticity is included in the model by using the variational method. Phase velocity, group velocity, energy integral and attenuation spectra of a structure enable the computation of complete strong motion seismograms, which are the basic tool for the interpretation of near-source broad-band data.Different examples computed for continental structures are discussed, where one example is the comparison between the observed transversal displacement recorded at station IVC for the November 4, Brawley 1976 earthquake and synthetic signals. In the case of a magnitudeM _L =5.7 earthquake in the Friuli seismic area we apply the mode summation method to infer from waveform modeling of all three components of motion of observed data some characteristics of the source.On leave from Institute of Geophysics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland.     

剪切带倾角尺度律与局部化启动跳跃稳定研究

研究了剪切带倾角是如何依赖于岩样高度以及剪切带的不稳定性。建立了准脆性材料试件剪切带倾角尺度效应模型,得到了剪切带倾角尺度效应的解析解,且与实验结果比较相符。研究结果表明:剪切带倾角随着试件高度的增加而增加,但其增加幅逐渐减缓,最终趋于稳定值。笔者还对剪应变局部化启动、跳跃和稳定进行了理论分析,解释了实验所观测到的剪切带跳跃现象和砂岩岩样应变局部化较煤样滞后的原因。剪应变局部化是否发生跳跃,关键取决于全程应力-应变曲线软化段是否存在拐点。对于没有拐点的情形,宏观剪切带图案不跳跃。局部化是导致准脆性材料试件剪切带倾角尺度效应的原因。