荒漠土壤微生物碳垂直分布规律对有机碳库的表征作用

以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘原始盐漠为研究对象,测定不同深度的土壤有机碳和土壤微生物碳含量,以分析它们之间的响应关系。结果表明:(1)在土壤垂直剖面上,土壤微生物碳（SMC）含量与有机碳（SOC）含量呈现极显著正线性相关（R2=0.63,p=0.0003）。（2）SMC出现了2个明显的改变界面（20 cm,80 cm）,0~20、20~80、80~500 cm值分别为:2.24~3.06、0.19~0.72、0.0017~0.0097 mg·kg-1;0~20 cm和20~80 cm的SMC差异极显著（p<0.0001）,20~80 cm和80~500 cm的SMC差异显著（p<0.05）。（3）对应于SMC的土壤层划分,SOC在0~20 cm、20~80 cm和80~500 cm同样具有一定的分层性。（4）我们把具有不同微生物活性的有机碳层分别定义为活性、惰性、稳定性有机碳库,土壤垂直剖面上微生物碳的分布很好地表征了土壤中活性、惰性、稳定性有机碳库的分布;通过对这3种碳库所在土层进行合理划分,可以定量分析土壤中3种有机碳库的储量。     

本溪地区地震灾害背景浅析

本溪市位于辽东半岛北端。处于阴山东西向复杂构造带的东延与新华夏系第二巨型隆起带的交接部位,属太子河凹陷带,这两种构造体系在区内复合、交接,奠定了本溪地区的基本构造轮廓,本文主要总结了本溪市区及二县地区的地质构造条件和地震活动概况。     

Hydrachemical Characteristics at the Seismic Stations in Songyuan District,Jilin Province

The hydrochemical types and origins of underground water in Songyuan and vicinity, Liaoning Province were discussed based on the hydrochemical composition, δD and δ¹⁸O. The water samples from eight wells were collected 4 times during 2014 to 2015. The main ion concentrations of water were analyzed with an Ion Chromatography. Isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen were analyzed with the Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. The mineralization (TDS) of the water ranged from 125.4 mg/L to 19 350.9 mg/L. Values of δD and δ¹⁸O ranged from -71.7‰ to -98.1‰ and from -9.0‰ to -12.5‰, respectively. The isotopic data indicated that the water originated from meteorological precipitation. The chemical compositions of Taolaizhao phreatic water were influenced by the human activity while the other water samples collected from artesian well were less affected by the human activity. Water in Changling, Dongdashi, Taohaotai, Qianan and Ningjiang were characterized by HCO₃-Na with low TDS values. Such chemical types of water with fluctuations of Na⁺, SO42- and δ¹⁸O drift were resulted from dissolving silicate minerals and adding surfactant during oil exploitation. Fresh water in Fuyu well was Cl-Na type, which was influenced by acid injection during oil exploitation. Water in Qianguo well was characterized by Cl-Na type with TDS up to 19 350.9 mg/L, the obvious fluctuations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and increasing ion concentrations in the Qianguo well may be caused by the earthquakes that occurred in the sampling duration. The results will provide the background of hydrochemistry, and will be of benefit to monitoring earthquake and certificating seismic-chemical anomalies in the future.     

�������������ֽ�ؿǴ�ֱ�α����������Σ���Է���

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Σ??????????Σ?????????????????????????ε????????????????У????? ?????????????????????????? ???α???????????????????????????????????????????о??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????26 mm/a???????α?????????????????????Щ??????????α????????????(??????)??????α?????仯???2008???????????????????????????????????????п??????????????????     

关于地震前兆的判据问题

地震前兆是地震预报的基础,这个基础是由一些个案构成的.应该把地震前兆研究放在地震预报研究之前.对地震前兆的识别需要判据.不能把权威学者的只言片语或者流行的假说当作判别地震前兆的最终凭据,而且目前不具备进行地震前兆统计的基本条件.综合人们以往的认识,识别地震前兆异常有3个自然判据:1)有正常背景;2)非干扰影响;3)与地震相关.其中,与地震相关是核心.可靠的地震前兆判定需要精确的观测资料.对地震前兆判据的研究对制定地震研究规划和观测规范都有指导作用.     

地震前兆仪器实时数据动态与异常报警

利用后台多线程与事件触发技术,实现对地震前兆仪器实时数据的动态展示;通过对实时数据进行长短窗比值与4倍均方差、时均值、日均值等计算,实现实时数据的异常报警功能,并将该功能模块封装成独立控件供用户使用。该控件可实现对全国所有支持实时采集的前兆仪器进行实时数据采集与动态曲线绘制,可实现对各仪器测项实时曲线的浏览观测,具有自动连接、断网重连、网络状态显示、数据异常报警等功能,同时起到仪器监控的目的。     

多接口地图符号库的设计与实现

本文简要介绍了信息时代地图产品的主要表现形式,并针对地图出版软件系统存在的不足,论述了多接口地图符号库设计和应用的必要性。在分析相关技术的基础上,提出了一种地图符号库多接口的架构方式,实现了针对地图不同输出目标,使用同一套地图符号库,输出GDI、EPS、PDF和SVG等不同文档格式的方法。     

Historical aspects of soil erosion in the Mejerda catchment,Tunisia

Abstract

Agricultural use and related water erosion may lead to significant changes in the sedimentological and hydrological characteristics of watersheds, and therefore negative consequences for rural development. This research aimed to put present-day soil erosion of the important Mejerda catchment into a historical context. The catchment of Wadi Mejerda in northern Tunisia has experienced soil erosion due to weather and human impacts for thousands of years. We used historical texts and results from archaeological research that go back to 1000 BC, as well as data collected during the last century. Soil erosion from different types of agricultural landscape management was analysed together with information on the soils' production potential, the hydrographic network and flood frequency. The results showed that water erosion has increased the hydrographic network by 65 km and increased the deltaic plain by as much as 15 km²/century. However, soil productivity has decreased significantly. Moreover, due to in channel sedimentation and river choking, the number of flooding occurrences has multiplied over the last century. Finally, it is shown that water erosion follows a specific cycle of degradation throughout the watershed. These findings should be considered for better water and soil management in the context of semi-arid areas.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Jebari, S., Berndtsson, R., Lebdi, F., and Bahri, A., 2012. Historical aspects of soil erosion in the Mejerda catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (5), 901–912.     

岷县漳县6.6级地震前区域地壳运动变形背景与断层形变异常特征

利用甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震区所在的青藏块体东北缘地区的区域水准、GPS、流动重力和跨断层短测线等地形变监测资料,结合地质构造、动力环境和已往的研究结果,分析了不同类型资料反映的震前区域性地壳变形背景、断层形变异常特征和可能的机理.结果认为：（1）岷县漳县6.6级地震前西秦岭、六盘山等构造区不同程度地存在着GPS水平挤压闭锁高应变积累、垂直隆升异常高梯度带和重力升、降差异剧烈变化等中长期背景;（2）震前到震时发震断裂附近及其外围相关构造区域断层形变异常在空间和时间上的起伏波动变化显著,尤其是汶川地震以来的波动变化在一定程度上反映了与本区构造比邻的龙门山断裂带剧烈右旋错动对本区的影响,与本次岷县6.6级地震过程有关;（3）本区有地形变监测资料积累以来缺乏6级以上震例,虽然存在不同程度的中长期形变背景异常,但何时进入短期-短临阶段确实很难把握,需要不断积累总结和探索提高.