基于遥感数据的哈尔滨土地利用/覆被变化研究

以哈尔滨市为例,基于Landsat数据,利用遥感技术和GIS技术对2000和2015年的遥感影像数据进行解译分类,通过对分类结果的统计分析,定量研究哈尔滨市15年间的土地利用变化过程,结果显示:哈尔滨市土地综合利用程度较高,区域内耕地面积减少;相反,城市建成区面积大幅增加,区域内绿地面积逐年减少,应注意生态环境维护保持。     

迁移学习支持下的高分影像山地滑坡灾害解译模型

无人机低空遥感是近年来新兴的一种快速获取灾情信息的手段,如何利用无人机高分影像构建滑坡灾害解译模型是实现快速自动解译滑坡的关键。针对该问题,对比了多种影像特征提取方法,将迁移学习(TL)特征和支持向量机(SVM)引入到构建滑坡灾害自动解译模型中,提出了一种TL支持下的高分影像滑坡灾害解译模型。选取5·12汶川地震及4·20芦山地震系列无人机影像构建了滑坡灾害样本库并进行了实验,TL特征方法整体分类准确度ACC为95%,ROC达到0.98,识别准确率达到97%。结果表明,所提方法可用于高分影像滑坡自动解译,同时可用于大面积高分影像中快速山地滑坡灾害定位及检测。     

遥感综合信息在宁芜地区找矿预测中的应用

为了研究宁芜北段火山岩盆的矿产资源潜力及空间分布,本文以Landsat8中分辨率遥感数据及Pleiades1高分辨率遥感数据为数据源,综合运用目视解译法和多种遥感图像增强技术,结合区域成矿地质背景,对研究区进行了遥感影像解译,提取了与预测矿种密切相关的线、环、色、带、块遥感五要素。通过分析遥感五要素矿产地质特征与矿产点分布关系表明,研究区内的铁铜硫金矿床及星罗棋布的矿点大部分位于构造岩浆成矿亚带中,受区内北东向、东西向、北西向及其它断裂纵横交叉形成的断裂网格及火山机构控制,大多分布在数条断裂带交汇位置,另有一些分布在断裂带与环形构造的交汇处附近。基于主要的矿点受区内断裂网格及火山机构控制,遥感图像的综合地质信息特征与找矿目标紧密相联,说明了基于遥感图像的综合信息可以作为找矿预测的标志。     

Logs Fluid Typing Methods and Adaptive Analysis of Tight Sandstone Reservoir of Yingcheng Formation in Lishu Fault

Tight clastic reservoirs are characterized with low porosity and low permeability, which reduce contributions of reservoir fluids to geophysical logging responses, and it is more difficult to identify fluids of the reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to study log interpretation and comprehensive evaluation methods for such clastic reservoirs. This study focused on geological characteristics of tight clastic reservoir of Yingcheng formation in Lishu Fault. Based on logs sensitivity to fluids, some fluid typing methods were discussed in detail, which included log curve overlap method, acoustic time overlapping method from density and neutron logs, porosity difference and ratio method, porosity-resistivity crossplot, normal distribution method, and other methods, and some effective fluid evaluation method were established and optimized. These above-mentioned methods were verified, which could achieve layer qualitative identification of tight sandstone in the study area. By contrast, two logs overlapping methods, porosity difference and ratio method, resistivity-porosity crossplot are more suitable for natural gas reservoirs, while porosity difference and ratio method, porosity-resistivity chart, normal distribution method are more suitable for oil and water reservoirs. The case study suggests that these methods be combined to archive more correct log interpretation in the study area, which provides important decision-making reference for oilfield exploration and development.     

北京市房山区三合庄村泥石流活动特征分析

2012年7月21日,北京地区发生了61年以来的最大降雨,特大强降雨引发房山区三合庄村泥石流地质灾害。为了最大限度的减少房山区三合庄村泥石流所带来的损失,本文选取该泥石流作为研究对象,采用了遥感解译和灾害地质实地调查等方法,确定了三合庄泥石流基本特征,从地形、物源和水源三方面研究了三合庄泥石流的成因,依据泥石流相关的防治工程勘查设计规范,采用雨洪法计算出三合庄村泥石流的活动特征,使用综合评分法判断了三合庄泥石流的易发性。     

地震勘探技术在煤炭勘查中的应用与展望

地震勘探作技术为一种重要的勘探方法,可以经济、有效的发现资源和解决资源开采过程中遇到的构造、地层、岩性等问题。煤炭地震勘探发展过程中地震野外数据采集、地震数据处理和地震解释都取得了重大成就,目前煤炭地震勘探正进一步向高信噪比、高分辨率、高保真度、高清晰度、高精度、定量分析的方向发展,未来也必将在煤炭资源发现和矿井隐蔽致灾因素的探测中发挥重要作用。     

东非鲁伍马盆地深水区构造-沉积演化过程及油气地质特征

利用深水区的二维、三维地震资料开展构造-沉积演化研究,鲁伍马盆地二叠纪—早侏罗世为冈瓦纳陆内—陆间裂谷活动期,发育河流—湖泊沉积;中侏罗世—早白垩世为马达加斯加漂移期,位于剪切型大陆边缘,发育海陆过渡相沉积;晚白垩世—渐新世为被动大陆边缘期,深水沉积广泛发育,重力流沉积延伸至戴维隆起带;中新世—第四纪为东非裂谷海域分支活动期,陆坡和凯瑞巴斯地堑发育深水重力流沉积。盆地垂向上形成"断—坳—断"结构,二叠纪—早侏罗世及中新世—现今发育两期明显的裂谷活动。马达加斯加漂移期的海相泥岩为深水区的主力烃源岩,古近纪的陆坡深水浊积砂体为主要储层。东非裂谷海域分支的断层活动沟通了下伏烃源岩,晚期断层不发育的西部陆坡成为主要的油气聚集区。     

Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region (a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt) has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre‐stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop‐up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses (vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal). The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.     

Results of magnetotelluric surveyon reference geophysical profiles of the Karaton-Sarkamys block in Kazakhstan

A digital geoelectric model of the Karaton-Sarkamys block located in the southern (Kazakhstan) part of the Caspian Depression has been developed on the basis of processing and interpretation of magnetotelluric sounding data. Geoelectric sections and structural maps of geoelectric layers have been constructed. It has been shown that magnetotelluric sounding combined with seismic and GIS data can be efficiently used to obtain additional information on the lithologic and reservoir properties of petroleum plays.     

基于GF-2影像西藏桑耶地区岩性-构造遥感解译

西藏桑耶地区位于青藏高原中南部,区内切割强烈,地势陡峻,属于高山峡谷区。为提高区域地质调查野外工作效率,在调查中率先开展了遥感解译研究。在充分收集已有资料的基础上,通过对GF-2卫星数据进行预处理和影像增强,结合野外验证建立了各地质要素的遥感解译标志,实现了区内不同地层岩性、侵入岩、断裂和褶皱等地质要素的提取,最终编制了研究区1:5万遥感地质解译图,为区域地质调查提供了数据支撑。结果表明: 各地质要素在GF-2数据上均有良好反映,完全满足1:5万尺度的遥感地质解译和编图的需要,充分显示出该卫星数据在区域地质调查等工作中具有良好的应用前景。