地理信息系统及其在水文水资源中的应用

简要介绍了地理信息系统(GIS)和近十年来GIS在水文水资源领域中的应用。讨论了在具体应用中,如何选择GIS软件包。作为个例,介绍了爱尔兰国立大学都柏林学院水资源研究中心应用地理信息系统——ARC/INFO开发研究的流域水管理决策支持系统。     

Quantum Theory and Geography: What Can Dr. Bertlmann Teach Us?

Quantum theory is introduced as a way to understand the world that is consistent with past and current notions in humanistic geography, while avoiding the errors of determinism and the limitations of positivism. Emphasis is placed on quantum concepts of causality, holism, and locality and their relationship to geographic thought. The implications of Bell's theorem with respect to locality are explored and the dynamic notions of twistor space and implicate order are introduced.     

基于矢量数据模型的模糊地理对象建模

研究了模糊地理对象建模的空间建模方法，首先以对象建模方法定义模糊地理对象，以矢量数据模型为基础，用UML设计模糊对象类和模糊地理对象类，然后以统一的UML图表示基本模糊地理对象的概念模型，尤其是模糊拓扑关系，最后将UML图直接导入通用关系数据库，完成数据库的设计。     

CHANGING EXPECTATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS: AMERICAN WOMEN GEOGRAPHERS IN THE 1970S

ABSTRACT. In 1973 Wilbur Zelinsky lamented and documented the low representation of women in American academic geography. His attention reflected the climate of the times—the challenges of the women's movement, affirmative action, and feminist activism in the professions. Drawing on archives and personal narratives, this article addresses the paradoxes and politics of women's place in American academic geography in the 1970s. As increasing numbers developed new aspirations for graduate education and professional work, stereotyping, discrimination, the lack of mentoring, and the challenges of a job market whose peak had passed presented difficulties. Yet persistence, resistance, and feminist political activism worked to advance women's professional standing and visibility, especially at the national level within the Association of American Geographers and in the development of new research and teaching on the geography of women.     

鞍钢厂区三维可视化设计与应用

介绍了空间数据三维可视化基本原理及运用IMAGIS进行三维可视化设计与开发的过程。同时,以鞍钢厂区为例,在其基础地理数据库的基础上,应用VB和IMAGIS进行二次开发,实现厂区景观的三维可视化。     

Not just for fun: Using cartoons to investigate geographical issues

Abstract:  Geography teachers have, for some time, acknowledged the value of cartoons as a means of fostering an appreciation and understanding of geographical issues. They have, however, often struggled to identify the range of instructional strategies that best facilitate their students' interpretation of this rich, yet quite diverse, form of cultural artefact. This article examines the development of cartoons as a form of political satire and social commentary, outlines the benefits derived from using cartoons as an instructional tool, and explores some of the cartoon-based teaching and learning strategies teachers employ to enhance the interpretative and communicative skills of students.     

Rainfall‐induced landslide hazard assessment using artificial neural networks

In Japan, landslides triggered by heavy rainfall tend to occur during the annual rainy season from early June until the middle of July; these landslides constitute a major hazard causing significant property damage and loss of life. This paper proposes the use of back propagation neural networks (BPNN) to predict the probability of landslide occurrence for a scenario of heavy rainfall in the Minamata area of southern Kyushu Island, Japan. All of the landslides were detected from aerial photographs taken in 1999, 2001 and 2003, and a geospatial database of lithology, topography, soil characteristics, land use and precipitation was constructed using geographical information systems (GIS). The training sample consists of 602 cells that include landslide activity and 1600 cells in stable areas. Using the trained BPNN with 49 input nodes, three hidden layers, and one output node, 239 589 cells were processed to produce a map of landslide probability for a maximum daily precipitation of 329 mm and a maximum cumulative precipitation of 581 mm for an incessant, intense rainfall event in the future. The resultant hazard map was classified into four hazard levels; it can be referenced for land‐use planning and decision‐making for community development. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地理信息共享的理论研究框架

在分析人类认识自然界过程的基础上,建立了地理信息共享的理论研究框架,将支撑地理信息共享的理论划分成以空间认知理论和信息传输理论、空间概念研究、地理数据模型研究和地理信息标准化研究为主要研究内容的三层次结构,并对各理论基础进行了详细阐述。     

世界R＆D产业的发展现状及趋势

R＆D产业是在经济全球化和研发全球化的背景下兴起的一门新型产业。从产业活动内容来看，R＆D产业包括自主性研发、外部性研发和研发服务活动三大类。从产业价值构成来看，当前的研发产业以非合同式研发产出活动为主导，但未来研发产业的价值构成将以合同研发活动为主导，其次为专业性的研发服务活动，效率较低而成本偏高的自主性研发活动的市场份额将不断萎缩。当今世界R＆D产业发展如火如荼，以美国为主导的西方发达国家逐渐成为世界R＆D产业发展的“领头羊”。总的来说，世界R＆D产业的发展呈现出内部关联日益紧密、密集度迅速增大、研发领域不断更新、环境的影响更加突出等鲜明特点。