含芘氨基酸衍生物对水中Cd2+、Pb2+的高选择性识别研究

本文报道了一种新型含芘氨基酸衍生物-L-[4-（1-芘基）]丁酰基苯丙氨酸（缩写为PLT）,通过对PLT与离子结合前后其二聚体/单体荧光发射峰强度比的检测表明该衍生物对水中的重金属离子Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋表现出了极强的识别性能,而对水中所存在的其它离子则具有完全不同的响应特性.     

Covariations in oceanic dimethyl sulfide,its oxidation products and rain acidity at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean

Simultaneous measurements of rain acidity and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at the ocean surface and in the atmosphere were performed at Amsterdam Island over a 4 year period. During the last 2 years, measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in the atmosphere and of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt-sulfate (nss-SO₄ ^2-) in rainwater were also performed. Covariations are observed between the oceanic and atmospheric DMS concentrations, atmospheric SO₂ concentrations, wet deposition of MSA, nss-SO₄ ^2-, and rain acidity. A comparable summer to winter ratio of DMS and SO₂ in the atmosphere and MSA in precipitation were also observed. From the chemical composition of precipitation we estimate that DMS oxidation products contribute approximately 40% of the rain acidity. If we consider the acidity in excess, then DMS oxidation products contribute about 55%.     

Paleo‐fires and Atmospheric Oxygen Levels in the Latest Permian: Evidence from Maceral Compositions of Coals in Eastern Yunnan,Southern China

Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian-Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the O2 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis.     

Inter- and intra-annual trend analysis of water level and flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River,China

ABSTRACT

The Ganjiang River is the largest tributary of Poyang Lake in China, and its hydrological regime variation greatly affects the utilization of regional water resources and the ecological environment of the lake. In this study, a novel trend analysis method, the Moving Average over Shifting Horizon (MASH), was applied to investigate the inter- and intra-annual trends of flow and water level from 1976 to 2016 at the Xiajiang and the Waizhou hydrological stations in the Ganjiang River. The Significant Change Rate Method (SCRM) was proposed to determine the MASH averaging parameters. The trend analysis results show a statistically significant decrease in water level series throughout the year and the relationship of flow and water level have changed greatly at the Waizhou station. The sediment load reduction, large-scale sand mining and water level decrease of Poyang Lake are identified as the main causes for the water level decrease.     

中国西北内陆盆地水分垂直循环及其生态学意义

中国西北内陆盆地中的地下水系统,对维系其浅表水分、热量、盐分均衡以及地表的生态平衡、土壤的资源属性和局部地域气候相对稳定性具有不可或缺的调节作用,这种调节作用是通过饱和带水、包气带水(土壤水)、近地表大汽水和植物体内水("四水")之间的垂直循环来实现的.目前的相关研究主要侧重于地下水与地表植被类型间对应关系的统计分析,较少涉及水分运移的机制;而以水分垂直循环的动力学机制为研究对象的SPAC系统(土壤-植物-大气连续体),则对地下水的重视程度不够,且存在着尺度转换的困难,更为完整的应该是GSPAC系统(地下水-土壤-植物-大气连续体).干旱区内陆盆地地下水生态效应的研究需要开展以下的工作:"四水"垂直循环的动力学过程与机制研究,尤其是饱水带-包气带界面水、汽、热转化过程的研究;人类活动影响下地下水系统演化特征的研究,它不仅是实现水分垂直循环研究的最终目的——水资源合理开发利用的中间环节,更是将"四水"垂直循环这一微观水文循环过程与区域水文循环过程相结合,实现尺度转化的关键所在.     

分体式不提钻钻孔压水试验孔口装置的研发与应用

在钻探施工过程中,由于工程要求,必须对钻孔做孔口压水试验,根据钻孔吸水量、压力数据,检验钻孔的漏失及其他情况。传统孔口压水试验使用的孔口装置,必须把孔内钻具提出孔外,严重地影响工程施工进度。分体式不提钻钻孔压水试验孔口装置的研发,可在不提钻的情况下完成孔口压水试验作业,大幅度缩短施工工期,减轻工人的劳动强度,减少安全事故的发生,对钻探工程施工具有一定的经济价值和现实意义。本文详细介绍了研制的分体式不提钻钻孔压水试验孔口装置的结构、工作原理及使用方法,并与传统孔口压水装置进行了试验对比,验证了分体式不提钻孔口压水试验孔口装置工作的可靠性及优势。     

青藏高原春季土壤湿度异常与我国夏季降水的联系

利用 197-2014年 GLDAS-CLM(Global Land Data Assimilation System-the Community Land Mod-el)地表参量数据集、中国区域逐日观测资料格点化数据集(CN05.1)和ERA-nterim大气环流再分析数据,研究青藏高原5月(春季)土壤湿度的异常变化...     

高层大气密度的午夜极大值特征分析与建模

利用CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload)、GRACE-A (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-A)、SWARM-C (The Earth''s Magnetic Field and Environment Explorers-C)等3颗极轨卫星的资料, 研究360—480km高层大气密度在低纬度区域的午夜极大值(Midnight Density Maximum, MDM)现象. MDM一般出现在23:00- 02:00 LT (Local Time)之间,峰值位置在低纬度15°以内,谷值位置在中纬度35°-45°附近,整体略偏向南半球,振幅约为平均密度的26%.随着高度增大以及太阳辐射水平的增强,MDM振幅呈减小趋势;冬至和夏至日附近的季节效应会减弱MDM振幅,在春秋分日的振幅最大.用3个主流大气模型DTM2000 (Drag Temperature Model 2000), NRLMSISE00 (US Naval Research Laboratory, Mass Spectrom-eter and Incoherent Scatter radar)和JB2008 (Jacchia- Bowman 2008 model)对MDM进行模拟,JB2008没有刻画出MDM现象;另两个模型低估了MDM效应,在360km和480km两个高度DTM2000模型的振幅仅为观测的46%和53%, NRLMSISE00模型仅为观测的33%和26%;模型没有准确刻画出MDM与高度、辐射水平和季节的关系.联合3颗卫星的资料,研究了-种基于地理纬度的6阶勒让德多项式,同时融合地方时和高度因素的经验函数,在振幅和相位上可以较好地刻画MDM特征,相关系数达到0.923,可为大气密度模型的修正提供借鉴,服务于低轨道航天器高精度轨道预报.     

季风低压诱发2018年8月广东特大暴雨过程分析

利用NCEP/FNL再分析资料和中尺度数值模拟方法探讨2018年8月27日—9月1日季风低压环境下广东特大暴雨过程的形成成因。利用扰动天气图方法分析发现,季风低压和西南急流为此次广东暴雨过程提供了有利的水汽条件和能量条件。熵变零线位置与降水落区位置有较好的对应,零线处能量有最大累积,有利于暴雨的发生发展,对预报暴雨降水落区有一定的指示意义。为进一步验证季风低压的影响机制,构建不同季风低压尺度的敏感性试验,即通过滤去季风低压环流中的扰动分量来改变季风低压的强度。结果表明：暴雨强度与季风低压尺度和强度存在密切的关系。当季风低压强度较强时,暴雨过程总雨量强;当季风低压强度较弱时,降水大为减少甚至无降水。诊断分析指出,能量螺旋度指数能够较好反映出不同情形下降水发生发展,在季风低压背景下,暴雨区能量螺旋度指数较大,降水强度较强。反之,随着季风低压强度减弱,能量螺旋度指数减小,降水减弱。