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731.
You YI Zhaonan CAI Yi LIU Shuangxi FANG Yuli ZHANG Dongxu YANG Yong WANG Miao LIANG Maohua WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(6):608-616
The balloon-borne Aircore campaign was conducted in Inner Mongolia,China,on June 13 and 14 2018,which detected carbon dioxide(CO_2) and carbon monoxide(CO) profiles from surface to 24 km,showing strong positive and negative correlations between 8 km and 10 km on 13 and 14 June,respectively.Backward trajectories,meteorological analyses,and CO_2 horizontal distributions were combined to interpret this phenomenon.The results indicated that the source region experienced a stratospheric intrusion and exhibited a large horizontal CO_2 gradient;namely,lower CO concentrations corresponded to higher CO_2 concentrations and vice versa.The laminar structure with multiple origins resulted in the highly negative correlation between CO_2 and CO in the upper troposphere on 14 June.The contribution of stratospheric air mass to the upper troposphere and that of tropospheric air mass to the lower stratosphere were 26.7% and24.3%,respectively,based on a mass balance approach.Another interesting phenomenon is that CO_2 and CO concentrations increased substantially at approximately 8 km on 13 June.An analysis based on the backward trajectory implied that the air mass possibly came from anthropogenic sources.The slope of CO_2/CO representing the anthropogenic sources was 87.3 ppm ppm~(-1).In addition,the CO_2 profile showed that there was a large CO_2 gradient of 4 ppm km-1 within the boundary layer on 13 June,and this gradient disappeared on 14 June. 相似文献
732.
一类双曲-抛物型方程的广义解 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石兰芳 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(3):429-433
讨论了一类奇摄动双曲-抛物型方程广义初边值问题,在适当的条件下,用Galerkin方法研究了广义解的存在性、唯一性,同时得到了解的渐近估计式。 相似文献
733.
一次春季黄海海雾和东海层云关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
结合多种观测数据和数值模拟结果对2011年3月12—13日的一次黄海海雾过程进行分析。观测数据分析表明:此次黄海海雾过程与东海层云之间存在密切的联系。地面高低压位置为水汽从层云区向北输送提供了有利的环流条件;黄海上空天气尺度下沉运动,加强了海洋大气边界层(MABL)层结的稳定性,MABL顶自南向北高度降低,有利于水汽在向北输送过程中不断向海面聚集;下沉导致的干层以及逆温层对海雾的发生发展起重要作用。模式结果进一步证明天气尺度下沉运动与MABL内的下沉在29°—30°N附近同位相叠加,使得该海区上空的下沉运动明显增强,边界层高度迅速下降。下沉可能会导致气块温度升高,云滴蒸发,来自层云区的水汽随流场向北向下输送逐渐接近冷海面凝结成雾,近海面水汽的平流输送使海雾进一步向北发展。本研究为海雾预报提供新的参考思路。 相似文献
734.
735.
以2007~2018年西宁二十里铺气象站探空资料为模拟样本,利用MonoRTM模式模拟中心频率21.985~58.759GHz的35通道亮温,应用BP神经网络对模拟数据进行反复训练,构建最优反演模型,并以2019年探空资料为测试样本,对比分析了不同季节和不同天气条件下BP神经网络与微波辐射计的反演效果。结果表明:晴空条件下,BP神经网络与微波辐射计在温度反演上效果最佳,水汽密度次之,相对湿度最差,其中冬春季BP神经网络反演效果优于微波辐射计,夏秋季反之;有云条件下,BP神经网络温度反演效果在冬、春和夏季均优于微波辐射计,其水汽密度反演效果在四季均较微波辐射计有明显提升,其相对湿度反演效果在冬、春和夏季均较微波辐射计更佳。晴空和有云条件下,BP神经网络在不同季节反演温度、水汽密度和相对湿度的平均绝对误差和标准偏差均小于微波辐射计,尤其是相对湿度的反演精度提升最为明显。晴空条件下,BP神经网络反演温度廓线在春、夏和秋季效果最佳,反演水汽密度廓线在中低层精度较高,反演相对湿度廓线的精度较差,但基本和探空资料趋势一致;有云条件下,BP神经网络反演温度廓线与晴空时基本一致,较微波辐射计精度更高,反演水汽密度和相对湿度廓线在8km以上效果较好。 相似文献
736.
737.
Zihan Zhang Liangju Zhao Ninglian Wang Hang Liu Cong Xie Xiying Dong Xingru Li 《水文研究》2024,38(1):e15067
Stable isotopic compositions of precipitation (δ18Op, δ2Hp and d-excessp) and atmospheric vapour (δ18Ov, δ2Hv and d-excessv) with high spatial–temporal resolution are crucial in revealing hydrologic cycle. Based on the variation characteristics of δ18Op/δ18Ov, δ2Hp/δ2Hv and d-excessp/d-excessv in the headwaters of the Shule River (HSR) on hourly and daily scales from June to September 2018, this study analysed the relationships between δ18Op/δ2Hp and δ18Ov/δ2Hv combined with the equilibrium fractionation model, as well as δ18Op/δ18Ov and meteorological factors. The slopes of local meteoric water line (LMWL) and the δ2Hv-δ18Ov fitting equation were similar (7.96 and 7.94) with both intercepts exceeding 10, reflecting the great contribution of recycling moisture. The values of δ18Ov/δ2Hv were lower than δ18Op/δ2Hp but with consistent variation patterns throughout the period. The equilibrium simulation results suggested that precipitation and atmospheric vapour almost approached isotopic equilibrium state, especially during monsoon intrusion period. Affected by monsoon intrusion, the slopes and intercepts of the LMWLs and the δ2Hv-δ18Ov fitting equations were smaller than those during non-monsoon period and d-excess and δ18O were negatively correlated. Relative humidity had significant negative correlations with δ18Op and δ18Ov in the whole period, however, the positive correlations between δ18Op/δ18Ov and temperature were observed during non-monsoon and monsoon intrusion period, respectively. Our results demonstrated that precipitation and atmospheric vapour isotopic compositions exhibited consistency under the influence of diverse moisture sources, while more complex relationships were found between δ18Op/δ18Ov and meteorological factors. This research provided evidence for using the isotopic compositions of atmospheric vapour to indicate moisture sources, and can improve understanding of the water cycle and eco-hydrological process from the perspective of the interaction between water and gas phases of the inland river basin in northwest China. 相似文献
738.
本文将普遍声逆散射微扰论应用于弹性波层析成像问题,在Born变换下推出了以旋转角为补偿参数的各阶微扰重建公式,实现了对非均匀各向同性散射体内3个参数(质量密度ρ和两个Lamé系数λ,μ)的同时重建. 对于层析成像问题,在弹性波的传播过程中P波与SV波有耦合,但它们不会和SH波发生耦合,于是可以得到3个形式相对简单的标量方程. 在Born变换下,在散射波中引入微扰参数,将散射体的3个参数分别按该微扰参数展开,然后利用二维自由空间的Green函数分别得到散射的P波、SV波和SH波的积分表示. 最后,经一维傅氏变换后,得到Born变换下散射体3个参数的各阶微扰重建公式. 相似文献
739.
740.
This study examines pre-industrial control simulations from CMIP5 climate models in an effort to better understand the complex relationships between Arctic sea ice and the stratosphere, and between Arctic sea ice and cold winter temperatures over Eurasia. We present normalized regressions of Arctic sea-ice area against several atmospheric variables at extended lead and lag times. Statistically significant regressions are found at leads and lags, suggesting both atmospheric precursors of, and responses to, low sea ice; but generally, the regressions are stronger when the atmosphere leads sea ice, including a weaker polar stratospheric vortex indicated by positive polar cap height anomalies. Significant positive midlatitude eddy heat flux anomalies are also found to precede low sea ice. We argue that low sea ice and raised polar cap height are both a response to this enhanced midlatitude eddy heat flux. The so-called "warm Arctic, cold continents" anomaly pattern is present one to two months before low sea ice, but is absent in the months following low sea ice, suggesting that the Eurasian cooling and low sea ice are driven by similar processes. Lastly, our results suggest a dependence on the geographic region of low sea ice, with low Barents–Kara Sea ice correlated with a weakened polar stratospheric vortex, whilst low Sea of Okhotsk ice is correlated with a strengthened polar vortex. Overall, the results support a notion that the sea ice, polar stratospheric vortex and Eurasian surface temperatures collectively respond to large-scale changes in tropospheric circulation. 相似文献