Object and Pixel-Based Reservoir Modeling of a Braided Fluvial Reservoir

To assess differences between object and pixel-based reservoir modeling techniques, ten realizations of a UK Continental Shelf braided fluvial reservoir were produced using Boolean Simulation (BS) and Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS). Various sensitivities associated with geological input data as well as with technique-specific modeling parameters were analyzed for both techniques. The resulting realizations from the object-based and pixel-based modeling efforts were assessed by visual inspection and by evaluation of the values and ranges of the single-phase effective permeability tensors, obtained through upscaling. The BS method performed well for the modeling of two types of fluvial channels, yielding well-confined channels, but failed to represent the complex interaction of these with sheetflood and other deposits present in the reservoir. SIS gave less confined channels and had great difficulty in representing the large-scale geometries of one type of channel while maintaining its appropriate proportions. Adding an SIS background to the Boolean channels, as opposed to a Boolean background, resulted in an improved distribution of sheetflood bodies. The permeability results indicated that the SIS method yielded models with much higher horizontal permeability values (20–100%) and lower horizontal anisotropy than the BS versions. By widening the channel distribution and increasing the range of azimuths, however, the BS-produced models gave results approaching the SIS behavior. For this reservoir, we chose to combine the two methods by using object-based channels and a pixel-based heterogeneous background, resulting in moderate permeability and anisotropy levels.     

SporadicE ionization associated with meteor events

Two meteor events which were sighted in the Gujarat skies of India, were accompained by the visibility of sporadicE ionization on the ionograms recorded at Ahmedabad (Geog. Lat. 23·2°N, long. 72·30°E). The first event was the Dhajala fireball which flashed into the geoatmosphere along an E-N to W-S trail at about 20·40 h IST on 28 January 1976; the closest distance of the ground projection of meteor trail from Ahmedabad was 50km. The other event was a possible meteor group sighted over Ahmedabad on 28 May 1978, at about 21·10 h IST. This work describes the nature of the sporadicE ionization observed on Ahmedabad ionograms during the two events. Features of theEs echo during the Dhajala event which indicate that it could be of meteoric origin are discussed. Meteor theory is used to relate the observed ionization with the physical dimensions of the Dhajala meteorite as obtained by other workers.     

考虑软土结构性的折线型强度公式及应用

结合上海某植物园堆山工程,通过直剪试验及三轴剪切试验,得到考虑软土结构性的折线型强度公式和不考虑软土结构性的直线型强度公式的参数,采用这两种方法对山体荷载作用下不同位置处的软土地基的强度增长进行了预测,并与现场十字板剪切试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：由于该工程的软土地基具有明显的结构性,采用直线型强度公式得到的地基强度增长量要大于采用采用折线型的增长量;另外,在应用考虑土的结构性的折线型强度公式时,应该尽量采用三轴试验参数而不是直剪试验的参数,这样得到的结果更接近十字板试验结果。     

多工况下汉源二蛮山滑坡机理数值模拟

利用FLAC3D软件对四川省雅安市汉源县二蛮山滑坡坡体进行建模,模拟降雨滑坡过程,并进行应力应变特征及稳定性计算分析,从而为深入研究地震及降雨诱发再次滑坡及防灾减灾提供可靠依据。研究中假设地震工况,对边坡进行详细的动力分析,得到了各监测点动力特征曲线;通过降雨工况下坡体稳定性系数分析得到了不同强度折减安全系数。研究结果表明,滑源区相对特殊的地形条件和地质构造以及不利的结构面组合是滑坡的基础;前期强降雨期间饱水加载以及大量雨水沿斜沟张裂结构面的下渗软化作用,是诱发滑坡发生的关键因素。      

饱和粉砂不稳定性的试验研究

通过对净砂和级配良好粉砂(含10 %粉土)进行一系列三轴固结不排水试验（CU）,研究了粉土、孔隙比和围压对饱和粉砂不稳定性的影响。试验结果表明,净砂与粉砂在不排水剪切条件下均会出现应变软化现象（即不稳定性）。同一围压下脆性指数(IB)随孔隙比增加,但不稳定线的应力比随孔隙比增加而减小。引用等效粒间孔隙比(ege)后,净砂和粉砂在ege-ln p?平面上拥有基本相同的临界状态线。在临界状态理论及等效粒间孔隙比的基础上,提出在同一修正状态参数(?ge)下净砂和级配良好粉砂有相似的不稳定性。     

地震液化侧向变形对桩基受力影响及其防治措施

分析地震液化引起地基侧移作用下的受力特性,并在此基础上提出桩基由于场地地基侧移引起震害的防治措施。     

基于扫描法在复杂地层剖面图绘制中的应用

论述了基于扫描线填充算法的理论和适用填充剖面图的数据结构．同时应用该算法采用Delphi和OpenGL绘制了某地质工程实例的二维、三维复杂地质填充剖面图，并取得了较好效果．     

地下管线探测的基本原理及解释方法研究

本文较详细地讨论了电磁直接探测法探测地下管线的基本原理和解释方法;提出了一种新的求解管线位置和深度、并给出探测结果可信度的向量交绘法。现场提供高可信度的结果;对管线探测仪器设备及应用效果作了介绍。     

拖曳锚安装缆绳在海床土中的反悬链形态研究

由于在抗拔承载力和深水安装中的优势,拖曳锚在深水系泊系统中具有良好的发展前景。在拖曳锚安装过程中,安装缆绳和锚之间存在复杂的相互作用,安装缆绳在海床土中的反悬链形态将直接影响锚的嵌入和运动,对反悬链形态的研究有助于提高锚的嵌入性能、准确预测锚的运动轨迹以及解决锚在安装中的精确定位问题。基于嵌入缆单元在海床土中的力学模型,推导出适用于黏性土和无黏性土的反悬链方程,利用该方程可求出安装缆绳在海床土中的反悬链形态;通过在缆绳上布置倾角传感器并运用圆弧递推方法,设计出可实时测量嵌入缆形态的试验技术,为验证试验技术的合理性,在空气中分别选取3种典型缆绳形态进行模拟,结果表明：模拟形态与真实形态吻合良好,并具有较高精度;利用实时测量技术开展模型试验,对反悬链方程进行了考察,验证了其模拟嵌入缆反悬链形态的精度,并获取了对拖曳锚安装过程中反悬链形态变化规律的直观认识。     

侧扫声纳在琼州海峡跨海通道地壳稳定性调查中的应用

为开展琼州海峡跨海通道地壳稳定性评价,利用Sonar Beam S-150D侧扫声纳系统在琼州海峡海底开展了地形地貌调查,获得了琼州海峡跨海通道工程区的侧扫声纳影像。通过数据分析、图像判读,分析了地质灾害类型及其可能的危害。在琼州海峡海底发现软土、活动沙波、岸坡及活动构造等微地貌单元,跨海通道工程施工、运行阶段都将遭受相关地质灾害的危害。这些资料和分析为跨海通道工程地壳稳定性评价提供了基础资料,为工程规划线路优选、建设实施提供了技术支撑。研究表明侧扫声纳技术可应用于海底地壳稳定性调查与评价工作中。