The oxygen isotope composition of water masses within the North Sea

Based on measurements of the ¹⁸O isotope composition of 247 samples collected over a 3-year period we have assessed the oxygen isotope composition of water masses in the North Sea. This is the first δ¹⁸O data set that covers the entire North Sea basin. The waters lie on a mixing line: δ¹⁸O (‰_VSMOW) = −9.300 + 0.274(S) with North Atlantic sub-polar mode water (SPMW) and surface waters, and Baltic Sea water representing the saline and freshwater end members respectively. Patterns exhibited in surface and bottom water δ¹⁸O distributions are representative of the general circulation of the North Sea. Oxygen-18 enriched waters from the North Atlantic enter the North Sea between Scotland and Norway and to a lesser extent through the English Channel. In contrast, oxygen-18 depleted waters mainly inflow from the Baltic Sea, the rivers Rhine and Elbe, and to a lesser degree, the Norwegian Fjords and other river sources. Locally the δ¹⁸O–salinity relationship will be controlled by the isotopic composition of the freshwater inputs. However, the range of local freshwater compositions around the North Sea basin is too narrow to characterise the relative contributions of individual sources to the overall seawater composition. This dataset provides important information for a number of related disciplines including biogeochemical research and oceanographic studies.     

SPOT影像光束法平差复共线性消除

CCD卫星影像空间后方交会时,存在系数矩阵列向量间的强相关的问题,用光束法平差同样存在这个问题,将光束法平差与线角元素分求法、广义岭估计、附有限制条件的平差结合,证实三种方法都可以克服平差时外元素和变率改正数震荡大的缺点,并且取得了合理的空间后方交会精度和地面点定位精度。     

Distinct activity phases during the recent geologic history of a Gulf of Mexico mud volcano

Laser line scan imaging and chirp sub-bottom profiling were used to detail the morphology of a submarine mud volcano and brine-filled crater at 652 m water depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The mud volcano has a relief of 6 m and a basal diameter of about 80 m. The feature comprises a central, brine-filled crater (253 m²) surrounded by a continuous bed of methanotrophic mussels (Bathymodiolus childressi) covering 434 m² and a patchy bed covering an additional 214 m² of the periphery. The brine pool was mostly <2 m deep, but there were two holes of >28 m and 12 m deep, respectively at the northern end of the pool which emitted continual streams of small clear bubbles. Sub-bottom profiles indicated three distinct strata beneath the present surface of the mud volcano. Integration of 17 profiles shows that the mud volcano has been built in at least three successive stages: the lowest stage deposited 35,400 m³, while the middle and upper stages deposited 7700 and 20,400 m³, respectively. Piston cores were taken at the northern edge of the mussel bed and a site ∼100 m southwest of the pool. Mussel and lucinid shells were recovered from the closer core, lucinid shells from the distant core. A mussel shell from 3.4 m sub-bottom had a Δ¹⁴C age of 16.2 ka. Mixture of modern carbon with “carbon dead” reservoir material would produce actual ages ∼2 ka less than the radiocarbon ages.     

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深海管道钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性试验研究

采用侧壁开槽型CT试样,分别在空气和3.5%NaCl溶液中进行腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究海底管道用钢X65在海水腐蚀环境下的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性。为保证试样既能满足腐蚀疲劳试验机的夹具要求,又可控制裂纹沿直线方向扩展,采用侧壁开槽技术对CT试样进行改进;利用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立三维模型,验证了对于侧壁开槽型CT试样,可以采用ASTM标准推荐的应力强度因子表达式对改进后CT试样开展数值计算。利用YYF-50腐蚀疲劳试验装置开展试验,试验结果表明:和惰性环境相比,腐蚀环境不仅会加速X65钢的裂纹扩展速率,还会降低腐蚀疲劳体系下裂纹扩展的门槛值;在腐蚀体系下存在裂纹扩展的稳定阶段,可采用Paris公式对其腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行预测。     

平均大潮高潮面的科学定位和现实描述

在对平均大潮高潮面进行科学定位的基础上,进一步阐明了我国海岸线(岛屿岸线、明礁、灯塔)起算面的定义。引入了三个国标的定义和沿海五省制定的法律条例的规定,结合东海及其岛屿海岸线不同起算面的计算算例,论证了我国海岸线就是平均大潮高潮面形成的实际痕迹线,并以此作为海陆分界线的科学定位和现实意义,澄清了在这一领域存在的一些异议和模糊认识。同时,并就这一重要的基准面进行现实的描述,以期服务于当前我国沿海经济建设、海域使用管理、海岸带开发和有关专项调查以及海洋测绘事业中。     

浪流作用下系泊船舶撞击力和系缆力试验研究

以某25万吨矿石码头工程为例,分别进行了单流、单浪和浪流共同作用下,系泊船舶撞击力和系缆力试验。研究了不同水位、不同船舶载度、不同浪流夹角,单流、单浪和浪流共同作用时对船舶撞击力和系缆力的影响。分析了该码头工程护舷和缆绳的布置情况,为工程设计提供了依据。     

2004年初春武汉机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程分析

使用常规地面和高空原始报文资料,采用最优插值法,对2004年4月29日出现在武汉天河机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程进行了客观诊断分析。结果表明:两次强雷暴天气,前一次为典型的飑线天气过程,后一次为超级雷暴单体天气过程;高空槽、冷锋、中尺度低值系统是当天两次强雷暴天气的触发机制;低空深厚湿层(水汽丰富)、高低空存在急流强风带对当日飑线天气的形成和发展较为有利,强的不稳定层结、强的环境风垂直切变以及上层干、下层湿的湿度层结对当天超级雷暴单体的形成和发展十分有利。     

一次模态变异中尺度对流系统的模拟与分析

利用NCEP FNL分析资料及南京多普勒雷达观测,借助WRF模式,对2017年8月19日发生在长江中下游地区的一次中尺度对流系统(MCS)进行模拟和诊断分析。此次MCS组织模态PS(Parallel Stratiform)型和TS(Trailing Stratiform)型共存,开始为带状结构,最后演变为强弓状飑线。气旋切变和低空急流是此次过程的重要影响系统,而午后强烈发展的地面锋触发了此次强对流。在垂直风切变和冷池共同作用下,西侧初始对流发展为PS型模态,东侧发展为TS型模态。由于PS型模态的中低层垂直风切变发生转向,导致其消散。TS型模态附近冷池和垂直风切变相配合,且在后向入流(Rear Inflow Jets,RIJ)作用下发展成为强弓状飑线;RIJ受中低层涡旋对影响而发展增强,其中气旋式涡旋主要由涡度方程中拉伸项决定,而反气旋式涡旋则主要由倾侧项决定。     

HiPAP100水下定位系统在海底摄像中的应用

分析了HiPAP100高精度声学定位系统及其水下定位原理,阐述了影响水声传播的因素及HiPAP100的解决办法,介绍了水下定位系统在我国海洋区域地质调查海底摄像测站作业中的应用,分析比较海底摄像常规定位与HiPAP100超短基线的定位精度,说明水下定位在海底摄像等水下拖曳和定点作业中的必要性和重要性。