山西襄汾陶寺古遗址自然变形遗迹的发现及其意义

陶寺遗址位于山西省襄汾县陶寺村南,分布面积约300万平方米,是黄河中游地区以龙山文化陶寺类型为主的遗址,距今4300—3900年,为陶寺文化的命名地.陶寺遗址被认为是先秦史籍中最早出现"中     

Submerged archaeological sites along the Ionian coast of southeastern Sicily (Italy) and implications for the Holocene relative sea-level change

Precise measurements of submerged archaeological markers in the Siracusa coast (Southeastern Sicily, Italy) provide new data on relative sea-level change during the late Holocene. Four submerged archaeological sites have been studied and investigated through direct observations. Two of them are Greek archaic in age (2.5–2.7 ka) and are now 0.98–1.48 m below sea level; the other two developed during the Bronze age (3.2–3.8 ka) and are now 1.03–1.97 m below sea level. These archaeological data have been integrated with information derived from a submerged speleothem collected in a cave located along the Siracusa coast at − 20 m depth. The positions of the archaeological markers have been measured with respect to present sea level, corrected for tide and pressure at the time of surveys. These data were compared with predicted sea-level rise curves for the Holocene using a glacio-hydro-isostatic model. The comparison with the curve for the southeastern Sicily coast yields a tectonic component of relative sea-level change related to regional uplift. Uplift rates between 0.3 and 0.8 mm/yr have been estimated.     

三维扫描古栈道本体图绘制

针对三维激光扫描技术在古文物本体图制作中的问题,根据点云数据进行本体图的基本思想,提出了一种新的基于三维模型的古文物本体图制作方法。采用均匀分布原则对三维模型与点云数据进行特征信息提取,较好地保留了特征信息;并利用仿射变换将栅格影像分别与基于点云数据与三维模型的特征矢量进行匹配,制作古文物本体图。分析对比数据表明,基于点云的方法匹配精度较基于三维模型的方法稍高,但两者精度均能达到cm级。基于三维模型的本体图制作方法操作直观且制作过程中的误差传递较前者小,是一种在快速的前提下仍能较好保持精度的古文物本体图制作方法,拓展并丰富了有关古文物本体图测绘技术的应用。     

Paleofire Indicated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil of Jinluojia Archaeological Site,Hubei,China

Combustion-derived and land-plant-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been investigated by using the GC-MS analysis in an ancient soil profile from Jinluojia (金罗家) archaeological site at Macheng (麻城),Hubei (湖北) Province,Central China.Retene,cadalene and simonellite were proposed to be derived from contemporary land plants.The pyrolytic PAHs identified include fluoranthene,pyrene,benzofluoranthenes,benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene.The distribution of these pyrolytic PAHs varies with depth,d...     

地理空间信息技术在遗址保护中的应用

通过对老宝山遗址的考古调查,将地理空间技术与传统考古调查相结合,进而对遗址考古的技术工作思路和技术整合做了探讨。现代地质学与信息技术的结合为上海历史遗址保护提供了一种全新的思路和探索尝试。     

“3S”技术支持下的考古探测方法研究述评

从“3S”技术在考古研究中的最新进展出发,详细讨论了GPS、RS和GIS在当前考古工作中的应用现状、研究热点和发展趋势 。在此基础上,提出了“3S”技术支持下的考古综合探测体系,强调了多源异构数据在考古研究中的中心作用。整个研究框架严格 考虑了相关尺度对模型建立的约束作用,提供了一个具备较强普适性和伸缩性的环境考古工作方案。     

Archaeological objects in loesses recognized by GPR research at the site Karmanowice,Poland

The aim of the research was to examine subsurface soil layers with the use of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method. Neolithic archaeological post in Karmanowice was examined. On the basis of earlier geophysical researches and archaeological premises, eight measurement profiles had been chosen. Ground Penetrating Radar system with antenna of 500 MHz frequency was applied. The measurements were made with 30 and 60 ns time windows. The results were shown as the GPR sections. The analysis of the obtained results allowed us to outline anomalies connected with the appearance of archaeological objects in subsurface soil layers. The border between the anthropogenically changed upper layer and undisturbed loess was established, and the sections of slope wash layers were designated. Anomalies were confirmed by digging and test drillings. Additionally, 2D resistivity imaging method was used for verification of specific anthropogenic anomalies.     

江苏江阴祁头山新石器时代遗址考古地层研究

江阴祁头山遗址区有厚达 2 4 8cm厚的马家浜文化层。对该遗址地层的孢粉、微体古生物沉积学和环境磁学分析表明 :江阴在马家浜文化时期就已经成陆 ,此时海岸线分布在该区以北 ,江阴北门外护城河北的马家浜文化遗址可作为证据之一。剖面磁化率分析结果表明马家浜文化期间温暖湿润 ,适宜的气候促使人口急剧增多 ,稻作农业得以起源并迅速发展。马家浜文化层之上出现间断现象 ,可能是长江三角洲地区 4 0 0 0 a BP前后普遍存在的特大洪水所致。该时期洪水可能威胁先民的生存 ,农业生产无法正常进行。由于丧失基本的生活资料 ,先民可能迁居他处 ,寻找适宜生存而不受洪水威胁的区域生活 ,由此形成了马家浜文化和近现代之间文化间断现象。     

3500aBP我国北方农牧交错带降水突变的幅度与速率

考古信息与历史文献记载一样是环境演变研究中独具特色的信息源。文章以考古信息为依据对中国北方农牧交错带地区 35 0 0aBP前后降水突变的幅度与速率进行了推断。中国北方农牧交错带分布在年降水量 2 5 0～ 40 0mm的地区 ,降水变化对该地带的影响十分显著。在位于北方农牧交错带内的内蒙古中南部及陕北、晋西北地区 ,大量的考古遗存详细记录了 35 0 0aBP前后该地区内土地利用性质的时空变化过程 ,可以用来定量地估算 35 0 0aBP降水突变的幅度和速率。 42 0 0～34 0 0aBP期间 ,在内蒙古中南部及陕北、晋西北地区先后发育了朱开沟文化和李家崖文化。文化的演变过程可分为两个阶段 :从朱开沟一期到朱开沟二期为第一阶段 (cal.40 0 0～ 380 0aBP) ,在朱开沟文化区发生了从农业文化转变为农牧交错文化、进而变为畜牧业文化的过程 ,相当于从农业区的北界变为农牧交错区的北界 ;从朱开沟文化二期结束到李家崖文化为第二阶段 (cal.380 0～ 34 0 0aBP) ,期间农牧交错带的北界显著地向东南退缩。上述考古学文化的变化可以看作是人类对 35 0 0aBP前后降水突变的响应。 40 0 0aBP前后是从农业文化向半农半牧文化转变的临界点 ,其降水量大致与现代农牧交错带南界的降水量相当 ,为 35 0～ 40 0mm ;380 0aBP前后是从半